RESUMENObjetivo: Identificar condiciones de trabajo en académicos universitarios y su relación con la prevalencia de estrés. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio transversal con 248 docentes. El estrés se determinó con el instrumento de demanda/control de Karasek-Theorell. Resultados: 19,4% tuvieron alta tensión en el trabajo. El promedio del puntaje de tensión emocional calculado mediante el término de razón, fue de 0,8479 DE ±0.1185. Se encontraron diferencias estadís-ticamente significativas en los niveles de demanda y control de acuerdo con la categoría laboral, turno de trabajo y pertenencia al Sistema Nacional de Investigadores. Los profesores de carrera tuvieron la mayor prevalencia de alta tensión (24,4%). Estos tuvieron 3 veces el riesgo de presentarla en comparación con los investigadores, p< 0,001. Discusión: Los investigadores y los profesores de carrera tuvieron altos niveles de exigencias en su trabajo. De manera semejante a otras investigaciones se observó que quienes realizan su trabajo en condiciones más precarias, tienen mayor probabilidad de presentar estrés en el trabajo y desarrollar enfermedades. Conclusiones: Es necesario implementar medidas preventivas en las labores de los académicos para evitar que su calidad de vida y salud sufran un mayor deterioro. ABSTRACTObjective: To identify working conditions in university academics and their relation with the prevalence of stress. Methodology: A crosssectional study was carried out with 248 teachers. Stress was determined using the Karasek-Theorell demand/control instrument. Results: 19.4% had high stress at work. The average of emotional stress score calculated by the ratio term was 0.8479 SD ± 0.1185. Statistically significant differences were found in the levels of demand and control according to the labor category, work shift and membership in the National System of Researchers. Career teachers had the highest prevalence of high tension (24.4%). These had 3 times the risk of presenting it in comparison with the investigators, p <0.001. Discussion: Researchers and career professors had high levels of demands on their work. Similar to other investigations, it was observed that those who perform their work in more precarious conditions are more likely to present work stress and develop diseases. Conclusions: It is necessary to implement preventive measures in the work of academics to avoid that their quality of life and health suffer a greater deterioration. Key words: PSYCHOLOGICAL STRESS, MENTAL HEALTH, OCCUPA-TIONAL HEALTH INTRODUCCIóNEn el desempeño cotidiano de la enseñanza existen diversos factores de riesgo y exigencias laborales. Entre los más importantes se encuentran los factores psicosociales que repercuten en la salud mental de la mujer o varón trabajador debido al estrés que generan.1 Estos factores son "interacciones entre el trabajo, su medio ambiente, la satisfacción en el empleo y las condiciones de su organización, por una parte y por la otra, las capacidades del empleado, sus necesidades, su cultura y su situación personal fu...

Background:Mexico has a great diversity and richness of natural resources, but evaluations of the quality of life of Mexicans show the deep inequalities and the gap between rich and poor. While 5% of families concentrate 58% of the wealth, the health spending in environment and health is 0.2 and 2.7 of the GDP respectively. This has repercussions both on the gradual deterioration of the environment and on the insufficient health and social security coverage of the working population.Objective:To describe the current situation of occupational and environmental health in Mexico.Methods:A bibliographic review was performed on the socioeconomic, demographic, environmental, legal and health status of the Economically Active Population (EAP).Findings:There is a constant deterioration of terrestrial and marine ecosystems, accompanied by an increase in environmental pollution in large cities. The unemployment rate of the EAP has decreased in one year to 3.4%, but the informal labor rate reached 57.3%, which translates into population without social security. Compliance with legislation for the protection of workers’ health is insufficient. The recent amendments to the law have meant a setback in these respects. The reported information on accidents and occupational diseases corresponds to only 34% of workers. There has been a decrease in the rate of work accidents in the last six years, but an increase in diseases and permanent disabilities. During 2016, the first cause of occupational illness was hearing loss, but the profile was dominated by musculoskeletal diseases, which together reached 36.5%.Conclusions:To improve the occupational and environmental health situation, it is necessary to implement general and particular measures against inequalities, increase the budget in health and environment, enforce legislation and expand social security coverage to the population. These measures should be part of public policies as well as actions of academics and researchers.

Generally tools for assessing job stress include targeting questions for workers or administrative staff. The inventory Wolfgang stress for health professionals, including those that are specific to the work of medical doctors, because of this we carried out the validation of the instrument. We applied it to 724 physicians in seven hospitals in Mexico City. The instrument showed validity of content and construct and high internal consistency, Cronbach’s alpha was 0.915. The principal component extraction was based on two factors that, given the difference in the grouping of items and explanation of variances, we called 1) working tension for excess liability, conflicts, lack of recognition in the job and professional uncertainty, and 2) Commitment to patients. We found stress average levels in physicians above that those reported in other studies.