This study explored the use of coaching as a way to bring research-based teaching practices into general education classrooms to improve the quality of reading instruction provided to students with learning disabilities. Project staff trained and mentored district special educators on the process of coaching. Qualitative research methodology was used to analyze the process of expert consultation and to better understand the process of change. Key issues that emerged included differences in the ways that special and general educators conceptualize teaching, the differing concerns and priorities between special and general educators, and the anxieties inherent in an observation and feedback process.

Since 1991, when Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) was established as a disability category under IDEA, educators nationwide have become increasingly aware of the unique and complex challenges these students present. Yet professionals, advocates and family members share a growing concern that the instructional needs of these students are not being met. School personnel serving these students need systematic support that includes both information about specific aspects of the student's disability and access to expert technical assistance. The goal of the TBI Team model, as developed and implemented in Iowa, Kansas, and Oregon, is to make available to schools statewide a group of well-trained peer consultants who can provide in-service training and ongoing consultation. The TBI Team model has four components: (a) needs assessment, (b) team recruitment, (c) team training, and (d) evaluation of both implementation and outcomes. Trained Team members provide in-service training, classroom consultation, and information and resources for school staff and parents. Team operations are maintained and supported through a central office at the Department of Education. Evaluation data suggest that the Team model is a cost effective and efficient approach to supporting teachers who work with students with TBI.

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