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Consumo de fibra dietética, sodio, potasio y calcio y su relación con la presión arterial en hombres adultos normotensosMartha Nydia Ballesteros-Vásquez, Q.B., M. en C., (1) Rosa María Cabrera-Pacheco, Q.B., M. en C.,María del Socorro Saucedo-Tamayo, Lic. en Enf., (1) María Isabel Grijalva-Haro, Q.B., M. en C.(1)(1) Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C., Hermosillo, Sonora, México. ResumenObjetivo. Evaluar el efecto del consumo de fibra dietética, energía, sodio, potasio y calcio sobre la presión arterial de un grupo de adultos normotensos, tomando en cuenta indicadores tales como la edad, el sexo, la actividad física y la obesidad. Material y métodos. Se evaluaron 38 sujetos del sexo masculino de 30 a 45 años de edad, normotensos, aparentemente sanos y residentes de la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora, México. Se midió la presión arterial y se realizó una evaluación dietética, antropométrica y de actividad física. Resultados. La dieta resultó ser alta en fibra y en grasa. El sodio estaba 56% por arriba de la recomendación en 87% de los casos y fue la variable que más efecto mostró sobre la presión diastólica. De los sujetos estudiados, 36.9% tenían sobrepeso y obesidad, y se encontró una asociación significativa entre el índice de masa corporal y la presión diastólica y sistólica. Conclusiones. Existe una asociación significativa entre la hipertensión arterial y el alto consumo de sodio, el sobrepeso y la obesidad en sujetos normotensos.Palabras clave: presión sanguínea; fibra en la dieta; sodio en la dieta; potasio en la dieta; calcio en la dieta; México

The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) does not justify the evaluation of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children aged less than 10 years, unless they have a family history of risk factors. The prevalence of overweight and obesity in the Northwest of Mexico has increased in recent decades, making it possible to consider that MetS is already present in this group of population. Objective:The primary objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in children aged 6 to 9 years living in rural (RA) or urban (UA) areas of Northwest of Mexico. A secondary objective was to find adequate criteria to diagnose the prevalence of MS in children.Methods: Participated 268 school-aged children in a random-selected cross sectional study. Anthropometric and blood pressure measurement were performed, and biochemical indicators were analyzed. MetS was defined as the presence of three or more risk factors and diagnosed using three different criteria. One of them according to what was proposed by the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) for children and two additional criteria proposed by this study considering suitable cutoffs for age for lipids and blood pressure.

Objective To evaluate the performance of a UK based prediction model for estimating fat-free mass (and indirectly fat mass) in children and adolescents in non-UK settings. Design Individual participant data meta-analysis. Setting 19 countries. Participants 5693 children and adolescents (49.7% boys) aged 4 to 15 years with complete data on the predictors included in the UK based model (weight, height, age, sex, and ethnicity) and on the independently assessed outcome measure (fat-free mass determined by deuterium dilution assessment). Main outcome measures The outcome of the UK based prediction model was natural log transformed fat-free mass (lnFFM). Predictive performance statistics of R 2 , calibration slope, calibration-in-the-large, and root mean square error were assessed in each of the 19 countries and then pooled through random effects meta-analysis. Calibration plots were also derived for each country, including flexible calibration curves. Results The model showed good predictive ability in non-UK populations of children and adolescents, providing R 2 values of >75% in all countries and >90% in 11 of the 19 countries, and with good calibration (ie, agreement) of observed and predicted values. Root mean square error values (on fat-free mass scale) were <4 kg in 17 of the 19 settings. Pooled values (95% confidence intervals) of R 2 , calibration slope, and calibration-in-the-large were 88.7% (85.9% to 91.4%), 0.98 (0.97 to 1.00), and 0.01 (−0.02 to 0.04), respectively. Heterogeneity was evident in the R 2 and calibration-in-the-large values across settings, but not in the calibration slope. Model performance did not vary markedly between boys and girls, age, ethnicity, and national income groups. To further improve the accuracy of the predictions, the model equation was recalibrated for the intercept in each setting so that country specific equations are available for future use. Conclusion The UK based prediction model, which is based on readily available measures, provides predictions of childhood fat-free mass, and hence fat mass, in a range of non-UK settings that explain a large proportion of the variability in observed fat-free mass, and exhibit good calibration performance, especially after recalibration of the intercept for each population. The model demonstrates good generalisability in both low-middle income and high income populations of healthy children and adolescents aged 4-15 years.

Objetivo: identificar cambios en el consumo de alimentos y energía de escolares sonorenses en el periodo 2010-2018. Metodología: estudio transversal analítico que determinó el patrón de consumo utilizando bases de datos dietarios (R24-horas) y examinando tendencias de consumo de alimentos de 2010-2018. Resultados: se observaron tendencias hacia el aumento en consumo per cápita de queso c/grasa, carnes, pollo, soda de cola, tortilla y productos de trigo y frituras (p≤0.01). Aumentos en el consumo de huevo, frijol, tortilla y productos de maíz (p≤0.01). También, disminución en consumo de leches y alimentos no recomendables como cereales para desayuno, bebidas azucaradas, panes y galletas (p≤0.01). Limitaciones: algunos alimentos podrían estar sub o sobreestimados de acuerdo con las características de la población; sin embargo, la capacitación del personal para la obtención la información minimiza las posibilidades de error. Conclusiones: las tendencias en el consumo de alimentos recomendados y no recomendados parecen sugerir que las regulaciones nacionales sobre bebidas azucaradas y alimentos de alto contenido energético entre los niños podrían estar relacionadas con el consumo de alimentos durante el período 2012-014. Asimismo, que el consumo energético de ambos tipos de alimentos resulta alto según las recomendaciones, alertando sobre el tamaño de las porciones para futuras intervenciones.