Purpose Several studies have been made that analyze factors that affect the demand of tourism from several optics. This paper aims to study the factors that determine the demand for tourism in Mexico, through an econometric analysis, by using the Johansen cointegration model (1991) to determine the long-term elasticity between the demand of tourists and the wealth related to its main markets (the USA and Canada) and the relative prices in Mexico and its two main competitors (the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica). Design/methodology/approach The authors used econometric analysis using Johansen’s cointegration model (1991), using as a dependent variable the demand of tourists from the main countries of origin (the USA and Canada), taking as data the number of tourists by air in the period 1980-2015, according to information from the SIIMT. The independent variables are the relative wealth of the country of origin of the tourists (wealth of the tourist in Mexico concerning the wealth in their country of origin) and the relative prices of the destination country with respect to the country of competition. The source for per capita income and the consumer price index is the World Bank. Findings The results obtained in this document show that in the long-term the price is a factor of impact in the purchase decision of both markets analyzed. Presenting an elastic demand to the price, which implies that the market is sensitive to the variations of the price of tourist services, opting for the destination that offers better prices, with a higher sensitivity to the price when compared with Costa Rica. Coinciding with previous studies carried out in other tourist destinations, such as in the work of Patsouratis et al. (2005). Originality/value The main contribution of this work is to determine the long-term relationship, through a cointegration analysis of Johansen (1991). A methodology that has not been used to perform a competitive analysis between countries. Additionally, the present work uses variables different from those considered in previous works; the dependent variable is the demand of tourists from the main countries of origin (the USA and Canada) and as dependent variables the relative wealth of the country of origin of the tourists (Wealth of the tourist in Mexico with respect to wealth in their country of origin) and the relative prices of the destination country with respect to the country of competition.

La innovación mediante las Tecnologías de Información y Comunicación (TIC) se ha convertido en un factor para la competitiva en la industria turística, que permite en este caso analizar el índice de adopción de las TIC en las empresas de la villa langostera de Puerto Nuevo, para conocer los retos y oportunidades en el entorno actual del turismo. Se utilizó la técnica cualitativa focus group, en donde se invitó a ocho personas que frecuentan visitar el poblado, con la finalidad de conocer los medios tecnológicos que utilizan para consultar información turística y en especial de Puerto Nuevo. También, se aplicó una encuesta a 20 administradores y/o dueños de restaurantes de la comunidad, los cuales fueron seleccionadas tomando como marco de muestreo su registro en el sitio de Internet del Fideicomiso Público para la Promoción Turística de Baja California, se eligió a las organizaciones que afirmaran utilizar por lo menos uno de los siguientes tres elementos tecnológicos: red social; sitio de Internet; correo electrónico. Asimismo, se estimó el índice de adopción de innovaciones de las TIC por categorías, obteniendo un índice aceptable para la operación del negocio, sin embargo, en cuanto e-marketing y la administración de relaciones con los clientes no se alcanza el nivel estratégico. Lo que ocasiona la falta de difusión de los servicios del destino y no permite a los visitantes anticipar su experiencia.

ResumenSí bien la adopción de protocolos de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) no es de carácter obligatoria, las empresas lo asumen como una forma de mantener la cuota en el mercado internacional y una ventaja competitiva. El objetivo de este artículo es realizar una estimación de la adopción de acciones de RSE en empresas hortícolas de exportación de la zona costa de Baja California, a través de dos ejercicios. En primer lugar, se calculó un índice de adopción de innovaciones en RSE que considera cuatro categorías de acciones: capital humano, sustentabilidad de la producción agrícola, uso del agua y fuentes de energía y ética empresarial. En segundo lugar se realizó una adaptación del Indicador Ethos para Pequeñas y Medianas Empresas (Pymes) sugerido por el Instituto Argentino de Responsabilidad Social Empresarial, que permite identificar la situación de las empresas en cuanto a la implementación de RSE y las áreas de oportunidad para la mejora en la gestión empresarial. Se concluye que las áreas de ética de la empresa y uso eficiente del agua y la energía son las que presentan el mayor reto para la implementación de protocolos de RSE en las empresas hortícolas de la zona costa del estado de Baja California.Palabras clave: ética empresarial, indicador Ethos, índice de adopción de innovaciones en RSE. AbstractWhilst the adoption of protocols for corporate social responsibility (CSR) is not mandatory in nature, firms take it as a way to maintain international market share and competitive advantage. The aim of this paper is to estimate the adoption of CSR activities in horticultural export companies from the coast of Baja California, through two exercises. First, rate of adoption of innovations in CSR was calculated, considering four classes of actions: human capital, sustainability of agricultural production, water use and energy sources and business ethics. Secondly an adaptation of Ethos Indicator for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) was performed suggested by the Argentine Institute of Corporate Social Responsibility, which identifies business situation regarding the implementation of CSR and areas of opportunity for improvement in business management. It is concluded that the areas of business ethics and efficient use of water and energy are those that present the greatest challenge in implementing CSR protocols in horticultural enterprises from the coastal area of the state of Baja California.Keywords: business ethics, Ethos indicator, rate of adoption innovation in CSR. IntroducciónComo en otros países en desarrollo, en la agricultura mexicana es común encontrar una actividad polarizada, entre un segmento comercial altamente capitalizado orientado a la producción para la exportación, que incluye además de grandes empresas, pequeños y medianos agricultores con algunos lazos comerciales particularmente con el mercado interno; y por otra, un sector de subsistencia que produce para el consumo familiar, cuyo ingreso depende considerablemente de actividades no agrícolas.En el periodo de 1993 a 2011 el ...

Purpose Several studies have been made that analyze factors that affect the demand of tourism from several optics. This paper aims to study the factors that determine the demand for tourism in Mexico, through an econometric analysis, by using the Johansen cointegration model (1991) to determine the long-term elasticity between the demand of tourists and the wealth related to its main markets (the USA and Canada) and the relative prices in Mexico and its two main competitors (the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica). Design/methodology/approach The authors used econometric analysis using Johansen’s cointegration model (1991), using as a dependent variable the demand of tourists from the main countries of origin (the USA and Canada), taking as data the number of tourists by air in the period 1980-2015, according to information from the SIIMT. The independent variables are the relative wealth of the country of origin of the tourists (wealth of the tourist in Mexico concerning the wealth in their country of origin) and the relative prices of the destination country with respect to the country of competition. The source for per capita income and the consumer price index is the World Bank. Findings The results obtained in this document show that in the long-term the price is a factor of impact in the purchase decision of both markets analyzed. Presenting an elastic demand to the price, which implies that the market is sensitive to the variations of the price of tourist services, opting for the destination that offers better prices, with a higher sensitivity to the price when compared with Costa Rica. Coinciding with previous studies carried out in other tourist destinations, such as in the work of Patsouratis et al. (2005). Originality/value The main contribution of this work is to determine the long-term relationship, through a cointegration analysis of Johansen (1991). A methodology that has not been used to perform a competitive analysis between countries. Additionally, the present work uses variables different from those considered in previous works; the dependent variable is the demand of tourists from the main countries of origin (the USA and Canada) and as dependent variables the relative wealth of the country of origin of the tourists (Wealth of the tourist in Mexico with respect to wealth in their country of origin) and the relative prices of the destination country with respect to the country of competition.