We set out to describe the pattern of lung function growth in Mexican students from 8-20 years of age, using internationally accepted equipment and methodology, and to compare it to values reported for Mexican-American children. Out of a total of 6,803 students from primary school to high school studied cross-sectionally in the Mexico City metropolitan area, we selected 4,009 asymptomatic, nonobese, nonsmoker subjects to generate spirometric prediction equations. We describe regression equations for the main spirometric variables (log transformed) based on age, height, and weight, and separated for males and females. Spirometric function in the population studied was above that predicted for European (Quanjer et al. [1987] Pediatr Pulmonol 19:135-142) or Mexican-American children, for the same age, height, and gender. On average, forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV(1)) in Mexican children was 9.5% above that of Europeans (Quanjer et al. [1987] Pediatr Pulmonol 19:135-142), 14% and 5% above Hispanics reported by (Coultas et al. [1988] Am Rev Respir Dis 138:1386-1392) and (Hsu et al. [1979] J Pediatr 95:14-23), respectively, and 5% above Mexican-Americans from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey study. Similarly, FVC was 8%, 14%, 8%, and 5.6% above the figures predicted by the same authors. The largest errors of prediction of foreign equations occurred in extremely tall or short subjects, and therefore a single proportional adjustment is unfeasible.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the geographical distribution of eight gastrointestinal (GI) cancer sites in Spain, during the 1980-1984 period. Data for deaths attributed to each cancer site were obtained from Spain's National Institute for Statistics (INE). Standardized Mortality Ratios (SMR) were calculated for each GI cancer site, using the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) 9th revision. Statistical tests were performed to determine whether SMR's were statistically significant. The mortality distribution for cancers of the oropharynx and oesophagus showed a similar pattern, which might suggest some common risk factor in their etiology. Stomach cancer presented high SMR's in the northern central areas (Meseta). Colon, rectum and pancreas cancer sites emerged with irregular patterns though high SMR's were more often observed in developed areas within the country.

artÍculos originales0características demográficas del síndrome de Down en navarra. evolución del diagnóstico pre y postnatal durante el periodo

El objetivo fue probar el efecto emiquecedor del jugo de hojas de rábano (Raphanus sativus) y de espinaca (Spinada oleracea), sobre un patrón de fennento de salvado de trigo (Triticwn aestivum) en la producción de Daphnia pulex. Los experimentos se llevaron a cabo en botellas de vidrio de 20 1 de capacidad, llenadas con agua del grifo desclorada a un volumen de 141. Los cultivos tuvieron una duración de 21 días, durante los cuales las botellas testigo tan solo recibieron fermento de salvado de trigo (Tríticum aestivum) y las botellas experimentales (I, JI Y III), en el primer caso recibieron la combinación de fermento y el jugo de hojas de rábano (Raphanus sativus), y en el segundo caso el fennento y el jugo de espinaca (Spinacia oleracea). La tasa de siembra en ambos experimentos fue de 200 organismos/ botella. Durante el desarrollo de los cultivos se evaluaron: temperatura del agua, oxígeno disuelto, pH. conductividad, alcalinidad y dureza total. Los parámetros ambientales se comportaron de manera similar en ambos experimentos. sin mostrar variaciones drásticas, ni grandes diferencias en sus registros. Las producciones netas obtenidas para la D. pulex fueron de: 1 722 organismos/botella en las testigo, 7 997 orglbotella en las de rábano (Raphamis sativus), y de 8 92 J org/botella en las de espinaca (SpiIlacia oleracea). De acuerdo con los datos de producción el análisis de varianza encontró diferencias significativas entre los cultivos (Fisher p< 0.(05) Y estableció que la combinación del fermento enriquecido con el jugo de espinaca (Spinada oleracea) esla mejor alternativa alimenticia para la Daphnia pulex en condiciones de laboratorio.