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Energy enthusiasts in developed countries explore sustainable and efficient pathways for accomplishing zero carbon footprint through the H 2 economy. The major objective of the H 2 economy review series is to bring out the status, major issues, and opportunities associated with the key components such as H 2 production, storage, transportation, distribution, and applications in various energy sectors. Specifically, Part I discussed H 2 production methods including the futuristic ones such as photoelectrochemical for small, medium, and large-scale applications, while Part II dealt with the challenges and developments in H 2 storage, transportation, and distribution with national and international initiatives. Part III of the H 2 economy review discusses the developments and challenges in the areas of H 2 application in chemical/metallurgical industries, combustion, and fuel cells. Currently, the majority of H 2 is being utilized by a few chemical industries with >60% in the oil refineries sector, by producing grey H 2 by steam methane reforming on a large scale. In addition, the review also presents the challenges in various technologies for establishing greener and sustainable H 2 society.

Nitrogen-doped graphene is synthesized by one-step electrochemical exfoliation of graphite, which exhibits superior catalytic performances towards the oxygen reduction reaction.

Supercapacitor capacitance of biomass-derived carbon is improved by using a new H3PO4-impregnate NH3 activation method with HCl reflux.