BackgroundReexpansion pulmonary edema (RPE) is a rare complication that may occur after treatment of lung collapse caused by pneumothorax, atelectasis or pleural effusion and can be fatal in 20% of cases. The pathogenesis of RPE is probably related to histological changes of the lung parenchyma and reperfusion-damage by free radicals leading to an increased vascular permeability. RPE is often self-limiting and treatment is supportive.Case reportA 76-year-old patient was treated by intercostal drainage for a traumatic pneumothorax. Shortly afterwards he developed reexpansion pulmonary edema and was transferred to the intensive care unit for ventilatory support. Gradually, the edema and dyspnea diminished and the patient could be discharged in good clinical condition.ConclusionRPE is characterized by rapidly progressive respiratory failure and tachycardia after intercostal chest drainage. Early recognition of signs and symptoms of RPE is important to initiate early management and allow for a favorable outcome.

Treatment regimens for pediatric Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) depend on accurate staging and treatment response assessment, based on accurate disease distribution and metabolic activity depiction. With the aim of radiation dose reduction, we compared the diagnostic performance of 18 F-FDG PET/MR to a 18 F-FDG PET/CT reference standard for staging and response assessment. Methods:Twenty-four patients (mean age 15.4 years, range 8-19.5 years) with histologically proven HL were prospectively and consecutively recruited in 2015 and 2016, undergoing both 18 F-FDG PET/CT and 18 F-FDG PET/MRI at initial staging (N = 24) and at response assessment (N = 21). Diagnostic accuracy of 18 F-FDG PET/MRI for both nodal and extra-nodal disease was compared to 18 F-FDG PET/CT, which was considered as the reference standard. Discrepancies were retrospectively classified as perceptual or technical errors and 18 F-FDG PET/MRI and 18 F-FDG PET/CT were corrected by removing perceptual error. Agreement with Ann-Arbor staging and Deauville grading was also assessed.PET/MRI in pediatric Hodgkin lymphoma Results:For nodal and extranodal sites combined, corrected staging 18 F-FDG PET/MRI sensitivity was 100% (95% confidence interval (CI) 96.7%-100%), specificity 99.5% (95%CI 98.3%-99.9%). Corrected response assessment 18 F-FDG PET/MRI sensitivity was 83.3% (95%CI 36.5%-99.1%), specificity 100% (95%CI 99.2%-100%).

Utility of preoperative CT-based body metrics in relation to postoperative complications in pediatric liver transplant recipients.