involving words and non-words in Kannada. Error analysis of their responses was carried-out. Results: Two patients demonstrated 'surface agraphia' and are evocative of the brain's over-reliance on sub-lexical strategy. Such rare cases constitute a strong evidence for dual routes in semisyllabic orthography (Krishnan, Tiwari & Kiran, 2013). Three patients manifested phonological alexia. This substantiates the functional lexical route owing to the impaired sub-lexical route. Conclusion: Our findings validate the neuro-anatomical representations for language to be universal despite the diverse nature of individual orthographies. Cases are supportive of dual-routes even in semi-syllabic orthography. Study in-turn respects the idea that dual route models developed principally on grounds of alphabetic orthographies are applicable even for the non-alphabetic scripts.
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