Using an analytic solution of the kinetic equation in the 1/ regime, a new formula for the neoclassical transport coefficients is obtained which takes into account all classes of trapped particles. This formula holds in any coordinate system and no simplifying assumptions about the magnetic field are needed. Therefore it is also applicable to complex magnetic fields given in real space coordinates. The method and the results can be used to optimize magnetic field configurations with respect to the 1/ regime. The method is bench-marked against Monte Carlo calculation both for the lϭ3 classical stellarator model and also for the original Helias configuration ͓J. Nührenberg and R. Zille, Phys. Lett. A 114, 129 ͑1986͔͒ with a more complex magnetic field structure. Some features of transport for Helias are clarified by analyzing the bounce-averaged drift velocity.

Abstract.A study of dipolarization fronts of the Earth's magnetotail has been performed using seven years (2001)(2002)(2003)(2004)(2005)(2006)(2007) of Cluster data. Events both with and without highspeed earthward flows are included. A superposed epoch analysis of the data shows that the dipolarization is preceeded by a decrease of B z before the increase. The duration of the dipolarization tends to be decreasing with increasing velocity of the plasma flows. The thickness of the dipolarization front is on average 1.8 plasma inertial lengths, independent of the plasma velocity. We find that the events fall into two categories: Earthward and tailward moving dipolarizations. The dipolarization fronts can be assumed to be tangential discontinuities and the currents on the front have mainly a perpendicular component.

Effects of linear plasma response currents on non-axisymmetric magnetic field perturbations from the I-coil used for Edge Localized Mode mitigation in DIII-D tokamak are analyzed with the help of a kinetic plasma response model developed for cylindrical geometry. It is shown that these currents eliminate the ergodization of the magnetic field in the core plasma and reduce the size of the ergodic layer at the edge. A simple balance model is proposed which qualitatively reproduces the evolution of the plasma parameters in the pedestal region with the onset of the perturbation.It is suggested that the experimentally observed density pump-out effect in the long mean free path regime is the result of a combined action of ion orbit losses and magnetic field ergodization at the edge.

The heat balance equation is derived and solved for fusion edge plasma conditions with ͑partially developed͒ ergodic magnetic-field structures. For this purpose, a three-dimensional ͑3D͒ Monte Carlo code, ''E3D,'' based upon the ''multiple local magnetic coordinate system approach'' has been developed. Parameters typical for the Dynamic Ergodic Divertor ͑DED͒ of TEXTOR-94 ͑Torus Experiment for the Technology Oriented Research͒ ͓K. H. Finken et al., Fusion Eng. Des. 37, 1 ͑1997͔͒ are chosen in the applications. The plasma temperature fields and the profiles of the radial component of heat flux due to the classical parallel and anomalous perpendicular diffusion are calculated. Because of magnetic-field ergodization and diversion of field lines, parallel conduction also can contribute to this radial flux. The results are compared with theoretical predictions for two limiting cases: With the Rechester-Rosenbluth model of ergodization-induced transport and with a ''laminar flow model'' proposed in the present paper. This latter model describes the effects of field line diversion. The diversion effect is shown to be dominant for TEXTOR-DED conditions.

A model of unsteady Petschek reconnection with propagating shock waves is presented. The results depend uniquely on a prescribed, time‐dependent reconnection rate. An application to flux transfer events at the dayside magnetopause is discussed.