Objectives This study examines whether the association between periodontal disease and demographic factors is mediated by physiological measures of health. Background Age is highly related to oral health status. The higher prevalence of oral disease within sub-groups of the population may reflect a tendency towards “early aging” and dysregulation of multiple physiological systems. Methods Logistic regression was used to examine whether biomarkers and demographic factors, such as SES and race/ethnicity, were associated with periodontal disease, and then whether the strength of these relationships could be attributed to associations between demographic variables and physiological measures of systemic health. Results Periodontal disease was associated with measures of SES and race/ethnicity. Furthermore, one unit increases in CMV optical density, CRP, and HbA1c were associated with a 25% (OR=1.25; 95% CI: 1.14–1.36), 13% (OR: 1.13; 95% CI: 1.03–1.24), and 19% (OR: 1.19; 95% CI: 1.12–1.27) increased likelihood of periodontal disease, respectively. However, when biomarkers and sociodemographic variables were both included in the model, their associations with periodontal disease were significantly reduced or eliminated. Conclusions The risk of periodontal disease is higher among blacks and/or low income individuals; however, these associations appear to be partly due to the greater probability of elevated levels of CRP, CMV, or HbA1c among these groups.

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therapies to reduce these symptoms. Gastric and pancreatic lipases are key enzymes in fat digestion, and hydrolyze fat into fatty acids and monoglycerides. The aims of this study were to characterize the effects of a high fat meal on upper gastrointestinal symptoms and gastric myoelectrical activity, and to evaluate the effect of acid-resistant lipase supplementation on the same outcomes. Methods: Sixteen healthy volunteers enrolled in a double-blind, placebo controlled, cross-over trial were given a high fat meal (Pulmocare Ò ) that was 55% fat, 28% carbohydrates, and 17% protein (237 ml; 355 Kcal). A capsule containing 280 mg of acid-resistant lipase (Amano Enzyme USA) or placebo was administered immediately before ingestion of the meal. The order of conditions was counterbalanced, and visits were separated by at least one week. At each visit, individuals completed a Visual Analog Scale (VAS) concerning symptoms of nausea, stomach fullness, hunger, bloating, and abdominal discomfort at baseline, immediately after the meal, and at 10, 20, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after the meal. Electrogastrograms (EGGs) were recorded throughout each visit to assess gastric myoelectrical activity. Results: Nausea, bloating, and stomach fullness were significantly increased 10 min after ingestion of the meal (ps < 0.05), and hunger was significantly decreased (p < 0.001); there was also a significant decrease in normal gastric myoelectrical activity (3 cycles min )1 ), and a significant increase in tachygastria (3.7-10 cycles min )1 ) at 10 min after the meal (ps < 0.05). By 45 min after the meal, dyspepsia symptoms and tachygastria had decreased significantly from immediately after the meal, and normal gastric myoelectrical activity had increased significantly (ps < 0.05). Stomach fullness was significantly lower with lipase supplementation than with placebo condition at 20 and 30 min after the meal (p < 0.05); no effect of lipase supplementation on gastric myoelectrical activity was detected. Conclusions: (1) The high fat meal induced dyspepsia symptoms and gastric dysrhythmias, suggesting the meal may be a useful test for assessing gastric neuromuscular disorders; and (2) Acidresistant lipase supplementation decreased stomach fullness after ingestion of the meal, and warrants further study in individuals with functional dyspepsia. 26Protein and ginger for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced delayed nausea and gastric dysrhythmia levine me 1 , gillis m 1 , yanchis s 1 , voss ac 2 , stern rm 3 & koch kl 1 1 Section of Gastroenterology, Wake Forest University, Winston -Salem, NC, USA 2 Ross Products Division, Columbus, OH, USA 3 Department of Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA Background: Delayed nausea occurs in many cancer patients during the three days following administration of a cytotoxic agent. Meals high in protein content decrease the nausea of motion sickness and pregnancy, possibly by enhancing normal gastric myoelectrical activity and/or by reducing gastric dysrhythmias. Ginger ma...

postprandial EGG power ()1.3 dB vs. 1.6 dB, P < 0.05). Conclusions: The best symptom improvement achieved by high-frequency GES therapy in refractory gastroparesis is in diabetics (10% treatment failure rate) and postsurgical (16% failure) while the worst results are in idiopathics (35% non-responder rate). Baseline EGG abnormalities are predictors of poor symptomatic response to GES therapy and may be useful in developing a patient profile to optimize selection and expectations for GES therapy.

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