Myxomas are the most common form of benign cardiac tumors; these tumors occur primarily in the atria. Most myxomas are idiopathic in origin, but in rare cases, patients have a family history of myxomas. Although these tumors are benign, myxomas have the potential to cause serious complications, including embolic events and partial or complete obstruction of intracardiac blood flow. Currently, there is no effective medical treatment, and surgical excision of the tumor is necessary. Typically, surgical resection of an atrial myxoma is performed via a median sternotomy with the patient on cardiopulmonary bypass. Recurrence of a myxoma after surgical excision is extremely rare, and most patients have an excellent prognosis after surgery.

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Adoption of the UKNSPC recommended cut-off (>240 μmol/L) will not affect the detection rate of classical PKU, but will improve the PPV from 76% to 80%. The use of a lower cut-off (130 μmol/L) for reflex galactosaemia testing enables the timely identification of asymptomatic cases that benefit particularly from early treatment, without prompting any unnecessary clinical referrals or delaying any referrals. This intervention may reduce mortality in this vulnerable group.

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