A light exposure degradation study of electrically active polymers -high-glass-transition-temperature poly(1,4-phenylenevinylene) (T g -PPV); poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) (P3HT); and poly(2-methoxy-5-(3′-7′-dimethyloctyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MDMO-PPV) -in pure form and blends with [6,6]-phenyl C 61 -butyric acid methyl ester (PCBM) was conducted to assess the influence of the employed transport layers on the materials' photodegradation stability. Devices were prepared on quartz glass and silicon (Si) substrates with a transport layer prepared from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(4-styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) or titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ). Photodegradation processes in ambient air demonstrated that the polymers were thermally stable in the dark; thus, the material deteriorations not only were caused by thermal stress, but also from light-induced processes. Degradation processes of pure polymers may be considered as fast -in the order of hours -but retardable by blending of polymers with PCBM. The deposition of polymer blends on an additional layer of PEDOT:PSS or TiO 2 revealed that the polymer blends studied in this work (except for P3HT) presented higher stability against polymer chain scission when deposited onto the TiO 2 layer. Kinetic analysis undertaken during this work revealed that the photodegradation processes were followed by two degradation steps. Degradation kinetics were evaluated according to a Perrin-like model for absorption assessments and according to simple exponential for emission measurements.

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This article is describing the evolution of modern electromobilitywith describing the problematics connected with the shape of cells in battery modules. There are mentioned Li-ion battery's anode materials with their basic parameters and one of the conversion materials, silicon, which looks like promising material for future enhancing anode capacity. Usage of this material brings some new challenges, which prevents use in practice and must be solved. One of these solutions can be by applying external pressure, which can, for example, improve internal conductivity