Water is an essential element for all living beings and therefore deserves special attention to maintain its quality. The objective of this work is to monitor the physicochemical and microbiological parameters of the water produced and distributed by La Congolaise Des Eaux (LCDE) of Brazzaville in order to evaluate the risk on the health of consumers. Ninety (90) and eighty-five (85) samples were taken respectively in the southern and northern areas of the city of Brazzaville. These different samples were analyzed using physicochemical and microbiological methods.
The results obtained show that these waters have high temperature values, ranging from 27.88 and 28.10°C in the South and North zones compared to the WHO guideline value (25°C) and have a moderately acidic pH (6 ,20-7.00) in both areas.
The turbidity of the water is more pronounced in the southern zone (6.83 NTU) and is reflected in the absence of residual chlorine in the maximum number of sampling points with low mineralization. From a microbiological point of view, these waters show contamination with total germs, total coliforms and fecal coliforms. This contamination is more pronounced in the southern zone than in the northern zone. Thus, the factorial analysis shows contamination by total germs and indicator germs of fecal contamination (total coliforms and fecal coliforms) and reflects the lack of residual chlorine at the consumer's tap.
In view of the results obtained, this study shows that the ageing of the installations and the dilapidated state of the pipes of the LCDE have a negative impact on the quality of the water distributed, which constitutes a high health risk for the consumers.
<p>&#160;<strong>R&#201;SUM&#201; </strong></p><p>Cette &#233;tude a pour but de d&#233;terminer la qualit&#233; physico-chimique des points d&#8217;eau de consommation et des travaux m&#233;nagers des quartiers Manianga et Kint&#233;l&#233; Stade au Nord de Brazzaville. Les &#233;chantillons d&#8217;eau ont &#233;t&#233; pr&#233;lev&#233;s entre les mois ao&#251;t et octobre 2021, dont quatre (04) sources et un (01) puits durant cette &#233;tude. La caract&#233;risation de ces eaux s&#8217;est bas&#233;e sur des param&#232;tres mesur&#233;s <em>in-situ</em>&#160;et au laboratoire. En plus, cette &#233;tude a fait appel &#224; des m&#233;thodes hydrochimies qui utilisent les diagrammes de Piper, de Stabler, de Schoeller Berkaloff, de Stiff, de Wilcox et des m&#233;thodes statistiques classiques avec le logiciel XLSTAT. Les r&#233;sultats obtenus sont compar&#233;s aux normes l&#8217;OMS pour eau de boisson et montrent que les eaux ont une temp&#233;rature qui varie de 26,3 &#224; 26,8 &#176;C. Elles sont acides, avec un pH qui varie de 6,09 &#224; 6,82. Les eaux sont faiblement min&#233;ralis&#233;es, avec une conductivit&#233; &#233;lectrique moyenne de 63,2 &#956;S/cm. Elles contiennent de faibles teneurs en fer qui varient de 0,01 &#224; 0,04 mg.L-1 qui sont inf&#233;rieures &#224; la valeur guide OMS (0,3 mg.L-1). Dans ces eaux le Pb et le Cr pr&#233;sentent des valeurs inferieures &#224; celle de l&#8217;OMS. L&#8217;analyse nous a permis &#233;galement, de mettre en &#233;vidence la pr&#233;dominance de faci&#232;s chimiques global chlorur&#233;e et sulfat&#233;e calcique et magn&#233;sienne dans ces eaux de la banlieue de Brazzaville. Les eaux de la zone d&#8217;&#233;tude sont de bonne qualit&#233; et aptes pour une consommation humaine sous r&#233;serve des r&#233;sultats d&#8217;analyse microbiologique au pr&#233;alable.</p><p><strong>Mots-cl&#233;s : </strong>ressources en eaux, physico-chimique, hydrog&#233;ochimique, Manianga et Kint&#233;l&#233; stade.</p>
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