Background:Previous studies have shown that in some countries, liquid assets increased leverage while in other countries liquid firms were more frequently financed by their own capital and therefore were less leveraged. Objectives: The aim of this paper is to investigate the impact of liquidity on the capital structure of Croatian firms. Methods/Approach: Pearson correlation coefficient is applied to the test on the relationship between liquidity ratios and debt ratios, the share of retained earnings to capital and liquidity ratios and the relationship between the structure of current assets and leverage. Results: A survey has been conducted on a sample of 1058 Croatian firms. There are statistically significant correlations between liquidity ratios and leverage ratios. Also, there are statistically significant correlations between leverage ratios and the structure of current assets. The relationship between liquidity ratios and the short-term leverage is stronger than between liquidity ratios and the long-term leverage. Conclusions: The more liquid assets firms have, the less they are leveraged. Longterm leveraged firms are more liquid. Increasing inventory levels leads to an increase in leverage. Furthermore, increasing the cash in current assets leads to a reduction in the short-term and the longterm leverage.
Eco-innovation, as a new concept, and green technologies are central to the Europe’s future and at the core of the European Union policies to boost competitiveness, create jobs, and generate sustainable growth for years to come. In this context, eco-innovation is a significant tool that combines decreased environmental impact with a positive socioeconomic impact. This paper highlights the prominent role of eco-innovation and investigates still scarcely explored impact assessment of GDP growth, quality of institutions, and recycling rates on the eco-innovation index in the 28 European Union member states. Specifically, the set of regression analyses that use panel estimation models was undertaken and the system GMM estimator with robust standard errors was used. Econometric analysis indicates that GDP growth rate, quality of institutions, and recycling rate of municipal waste had a statistically significant and positive effect on eco-innovation in the period 2010-2016.
The coronavirus is crippling the global economy. However, the economic impacts of the pandemic vary significantly across sectors of the economy. This outbreak and related lockdowns are putting the tourism industry under unprecedented pressure. Within months, world tourism went from over-tourism to non-tourism. Therefore, the overall objective of this chapter is to introduce the latest trends in tourism, with emphasis on family businesses. More precisely, the chapter encompasses (1) the theoretical background, which defines family business, highlights their characteristics, and summarizes the importance of leadership succession; (2) the role of family business resilience and their behaviour in times of crisis; (3) a review of relevant European Commission policy publications regarding EU tourism and statistical analyses of selected key tourism indicators; and (4) an analysis of family businesses environment in time of crisis. Hence, this chapter has documented the crucial role that family businesses tourism has within the European Union and on the front line of the current crises.
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