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The current distribution and abundance of the 40 species of Goodeidae fishes known from Mexico are described, and a total of 84 Evolutionarily Significant Units (ESUs) is designated within these species. Two species and four ESUs are likely extinct with no captive populations, and three species and eight ESUs are probably extinct in the wild but have at least one captive population in Mexico, the United States, or Europe. Of the 35 extant species, the analyses indicate that nine should be considered as critically endangered, 14 as endangered, nine as vulnerable, and only three as least concern. Twenty-seven of these species have experienced substantial declines in distribution or abundance or both since 2000, and only eight appear to have remained relatively stable. Of the 72 extant ESUs, our analyses indicate that 29 should be considered as critically endangered, 21 as endangered, 18 as vulnerable, and only four as least concern. Brief summaries of the historic and current distributions and abundance of each species are provided, as well as ESU. Three strategies are recommended to conserve Mexican goodeids: protect the best-quality remaining habitats where goodeids still persist, restore degraded habitat and re-introduce species or ESUs where practical, and establish captive populations to ensure continued survival of the many species and ESUs that will almost inevitably go extinct in the coming years. Limited resources require cooperation and collaboration between scientists, conservationists, and aquarium hobbyists for successful captive maintenance.

SummaryReproductive biology of invasive species is not often studied relative to the invasion process, although it may provide an accurate indicator of the invasion stage. We evaluated the reproductive biology of the exotic fish species Pseudoxiphophorus bimaculatus and Poecilia sphenops in the Teuchitlán River, Jalisco, Mexico by fertility, size at first maturity, sex ratio, gonad maturity stage, gonadosomatic index, condition factor, size-structure, and habitat. The reproductive variables were related to environmental characteristics using the non-metric analysis of multidimensional scaling. A total of 1374 specimens of P. bimaculatus and 571 of P. sphenops were captured by seine netting and electrofishing. Maximum fertility of P. bimaculatus was 15.99 ± 2.27 embryonated eggs and embryos and, for P. sphenops, 31.26 ± 4.17. Females predominated among P. bimaculatus, while in P. sphenops the sex ratio was ~1:1. We found mature female and male of P. bimaculatus in degraded sites and juveniles in the springs. Poecilia sphenops reproduced along the river. The establishment of both invasive species in the Teuchitlán River is evidence that they share the reproductive habitat with native fish species, and tend to spread and colonize new areas.

Se capturaron un total de 2 014 individuos con un peso de 10 393.42 g, pertenecientes a 31 especies y 20 familias. Barra de Nexpa registró la mayor riqueza con S= 21 y el mayor porcentaje de especies raras con 22.6%. La especies con mayor abundancia fueron Agonostomus monticola y Mugil curema, mientras que Dormitator latifrons y Lutjanus novemfasciatus registraron la mayor biomasa. La salinidad, temperatura, oxígeno disuelto y transparencia mostraron diferencias significativas por temporadas, influidas por la variación estacional de la precipitación. La composición y especies dominantes fueron distintas en cada sitio y en cada temporada, mientras que la abundancia, biomasa y riqueza no mostraron variación significativa. La comunidad de peces estuvo compuesta por especies marinas y dulceacuícolas que utilizan los estuarios como zonas de crianza, especies marinas que se integran al estuario de manera ocasional y especies estuarinas que forman parte de estos ecosistemas durante la mayor parte de su ciclo de vida.

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