Population of Brown Plant Hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) and the Diversity of Its Natural Enemyin Highland Paddy Rice Field in the Village of Panyocokan, Ciwidey District, Bandung RegencyBrown lanthopper/BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is a main pest of rice in the field. This researchwas aimed to study the population of BPH and the diversity of its natural enemy in highland paddyrice field. The survey was conducted in three paddy plots (15 m x 20 m) located in the village ofPanyocokan, Ciwidey District, Bandung Regency, West Java. The experiment was conducted in thegreenhouse of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, UniversitasPadjadjaran. The samples of insects were collected systematically using yellow trap and net trap,and visually observed in each rice cluster. The number of BPH were recorded and accumulatedeach week. Fecundity, life cycle, and sex ratio of the new generation of BPH were observed in 3replications by using 1 pair of WBC on each replication. The result showed that the population ofBPH in the highland was below 10, which means that BPH population was still below theeconomic threshold and control threshold. Temperature, humidity, and rainfall did notsignificantly affect the BPH population. This was indicated by the regression analysis of eachtemperature (Y = 0.557-8.167x; R2 = 0.039; P = 0.465), humidity (Y = -0.077+ 9.112x; R2 = 0.045; P =0.428), and rainfall (Y = -0.118 + 3.412x; R2 = 0.136; P = 0.159). Natural enemy diversity indextended to fluctuate widely from low to moderate. In the temperature range from 21.1°C to 34.8°C,BPH could produce 127-207 new generation during its lifetime. BPH needed an average of 37.66days to produce a new generation. The ratio of male to female was 1.06 : 1.Keywords: population, brown planthopper, diversity, predator, highland paddy rice field, Ciwidey,BandungABSTRAKHama wereng batang cklat/WBC (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) merupakan hama utama tanaman padi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari populasi WBC dan keragaman musuh alaminya padatanaman padi sawah di dataran tinggi. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survei dan eksperimen.Survei dilakukan pada 3 petak lahan percobaan berukuran 15 mx 20 m bertempat di DesaPanyocokan, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung dan eksperimen dilakukan di rumah kacaDepartemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, Fakultas Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran. Metodepengambilan sampel dilakukan secara diagonal sistematis. Populasi WBC ditentukan denganmenggunakan perangkap kuning dan perangkap jaring dan dengan pengamatan langsung padarumpun padi. Eksperimen dilakukan dengan meletakkan sepasang WBC dalam wadah, lalu diamatikeperidian, siklus hidup, dan sex ratio keturunannya. WBC yang tertangkap dihitung jumlahnyadan diakumulasikan setiap minggunya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kepadatan populasi dilahan survey di bawah 10 ekor/rumpun yang artinya populasi WBC masih di bawah ambangekonomi atau ambang kendali. Suhu, kelembaban, dan curah hujan tidak memberikan pengaruhyang signifikan terhadap populasi WBC. Hal tersebut ditunjukkan dengan analisis regresi masingmasingpada suhu (Y= 0,557 – 8,167x; R2 = 0,039; P= 0,465), kelembaban (Y = -0,077 + 9,112x; R2 =0,045; P = 0,428), dan curah hujan (Y = -0,118 + 3,412x; R2 = 0,136; P = 0,159). Indeks keragamanmusuh alami cenderung mengalami fluktuasi dari rendah sampai sedang. Pada kisaran suhu 21,1oC–34,8oC, hasil pengamatan keperidian menunjukkan WBC dapat menghasilkan 127-207 individubaru selama masa hidupnya. Pada pengamatan siklus hidup, WBC memerlukan rata-rata 37,66 harisampai menghasilkan generasi baru. Pengamatan sex ratio menunjukkan perbandingan (jantan :betina) 1,06 :1.Kata kunci: populasi, wereng batang coklat, keragaman, predator, sawah, dataran tinggi, Ciwidey,Bandung
Population of brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) is one of the major rice pest that is threatening rice production in Indramayu. Integrated pest management is needed to control the population of brown plant hopper (BPH). To construct effective strategy of Integrated Pest Management, a survey to obtain information about the population of BPH and the diversity of its natural enemies predator and parasitoid is required. The result of the survey showed that fluctuation of BPH population was evidence. BPH occurs from the 1st week of observation and the population was rising until the 5th week of observation and hence the population declined until the 12th week of observation. This population decline was caused by BPH’s live cycle followed the growth phase of rice plant. Correlation between climate factors and fluctuation of BPH population was not significant. Based on Shanon-Wiener diversity index analysis, the diversity of natural predators of BPH was medium with the value of H’ of 1,83 due to uniform field condition
Population fluctuation and natural enemy diversity of brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) in the rice lowlands of Wiralodra University Area, Indramayu Regency, West JavaBrown Planthopper/BPH (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) is a main pest of paddy. The purpose of this research was to study the population fluctuation and natural enemy diversity of BPH in rice plants. The research was carried out with a survey method conducted on three experimental lands located in the lowlands of Wiralodra University, Singaraja Village, Indramayu District, Indramayu Regency, West Java and in the greenhouse of the Department of Plant Pests and Diseases, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran from June to August 2015. The samples were collected by systematically diagonal sampling method using yellow stiky trap and manually or visual counting. The result showed that the BPH population fluctuations were below BPH economic threshold the results of correlation analysis showed that temperature, humidity and rainfall did not have a significant influence on the abundance of the BPH population. This is indicated by the results of regression analysis of temperature (Y = - 49.9 + 1.71 X1; R2 = 0.055; P/Sign = 0.484), humidity (Y = - 41.829 + 0.598 X2; R2 = 0.457; P/Sign = 0.016), and rainfall (Y = 2.845 + 0.512 X3; R2 = 0.217; P/Sign = 0.127), respectively. The relationship between temperature/T, humidity/RH and rainfall/CH on WBC (Y = - 94.2 + 3.00 T + 0.002 RH + 0.804 CH; R2 = 0.581; P/ ign = 0.062) had a significance level > 0.05. The natural enemy insect diversity index was in the medium category (1.63).Keywords: BPH, Abiotic factor, Natural Enemy, Lowland riceABSTRAKWereng Batang Cokat/WBC (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) merupakan hama utama tanaman padi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari fluktuasi populasi serta keragaman musuh alami WBC pada tanaman padi. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan metode survei yang dilakukan pada tiga lahan percobaan yang bertempat dataran rendah di wilayah Universitas Wiralodra, Desa Singaraja, Kecamatan Indramayu, Kabupaten Indramayu, Jawa Barat dan di rumah kaca Departemen Hama dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran pada bulan Juni sampai Agustus 2015. Metode pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara diagonal menggunakan perangkap kuning berperekat (yellow stiky trap) serta secara manual (visual counting). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan fluktuasi populasi WBC berada di bawah ambang ekonomi WBC dan hasil analisa korelasi menunjukkan suhu, kelembaban dan curah hujan tidak memberikan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap kelimpahan populasi WBC. Hal ini ditunjukkan dengan hasil analisis regresi masing-masing pada suhu (Y = - 49.9 + 1.71 X1; R2 = 0,055; P/Sign = 0,484), kelembaban (Y= - 41.829 + 0.598 X2; R2 = 0,457; P/Sign = 0,016) dan curah hujan (Y = 2.845 + 0.512 X3; R2 = 0,217; P/Sign = 0,127). Adapun hubungan antara Suhu/T, Kelembaban/RH dan Curah Hujan/CH terhadap WBC (Y = - 94.2 + 3.00 T + 0.002 RH + 0.804 CH; R2 = 0.581; P/Sign = 0.062) memiliki tingkat signifikansi > 0,05. Indeks keragaman serangga musuh alami WBC termasuk kategori sedang (1,63).Kata Kunci: WBC, Fakor Abiotik, Musuh alami, Lahan sawah
Kemampuan Indonesia dalam memenuhi kebutuhan beras nasional sangat penting. Akan tetapi, usaha pemenuhan kebutuhan beras ini tidak selamanya berjalan dengan lancar karena terganggunya produktivitas padi. Salah satu penyebab turunnya produktivitas padi di Indonesia karena adanya serangan serangga hama. Beberapa kendala yang menyebabkan gagalnya petani dalam mengendalikan serangga hama karena petani masih belum melakukan identifikasi serangga hama dan gejala serangan dengan baik. Penelitian yang dilaksanakan akhir tahun 2012 ini yang berlokasi di Lahan Persawahan Padi Dataran Tinggi Desa Sukawening, Kecamatan Ciwidey, Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat bertujuan meng inventarisasi dan mendapatkan nilai keragaman jenis serangga hama pada tanaman padi. Penangkapan serangga hama yang dilakukan dengan menggunakan perangkap kuning, perangkap jaring dan perangkap cahaya. Hasil penangkapan serangga diidentifikasi di laboratorium. Indeks keragaman serangga dianalisis dengan menggunakan perhitungan Shannon- Weinner. Serangga hama yang dominan diperoleh pada fase vegetative yaitu Scirpophaga incertulas, Thaia oryzivora, dan Orselia oryzae. Serangga hama minor diperoleh yaitu Dicladispa armigera, Leptispa pygmaea, dan Melanitis ledaismene. Serangga hama yang dominan diperoleh pada fase generative yaitu Leptocorisa acuta, Scirpophaga incertulas, dan Thaiaoryzivora. Serangga hama minor diperoleh yaitu Nilaparvata lugens, Sogatella furcifera, dan Cofana spectra. Indeks keragaman serangga hama yang diperoleh pada ketiga lahan percobaan ada diantara sedang hingga tinggi.Pada fase vegetatif indeks keragaman tertinggi sebesar 4,74 pada pengamatan ke 6 dan terendah pada pengamatan ke 1 sebesar 2,22. Pada fase generatif indeks keragaman tertinggi pada pengamatan ke 9 sebesar 4,86 dan terendah pada pengamatan ke 12 sebesar 1,37. Kata kunci :indeks keragaman, serangga hama, padi, Kabupaten Bandung.
Wereng Batang Coklat (Nilaparvata lugens Stal) /WBC merupakan serangga hama utama pada tanaman padi. Pengendalian alternatif seperti pemanfaatan tumbuhan sedang digalakkan. Mimba merupakan pestisida nabati yang dapat mengendalikan serangga hama sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pengendali OPT pada budidaya pertanian. Percobaan dilaksanakan di Rumah Kaca Fakultas Pertanian Universitas Padjadjaran, dirancang dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan 5 perlakuan dan 5 ulangan. Perlakuan yang diujikan adalah konsentrasi ekstrak cair daun mimba yang diaplikasikan sebagai pestisida nabati pada tanaman padi yang diinvestasi WBC. Variabel pengamatan adalah : jumlah WBC yang mati. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan ekstrak daun mimba mampu menekan populasi WBC. The use of neem steem extract for 10% could repress the highest WBC population with the 78% rate of mortality.Kata kunci : Pestisida nabati Mimba, WBC, Tanaman Padi
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