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ResumenEste estudio presenta la revisión actualizada de la riqueza, composición y distribución de los anfibios y reptiles del departamento del Casanare. Se revisaron 1.012 ejemplares depositados en las principales colecciones biológicas del país y se recolectaron 658 ejemplares en cuatro municipios de Casanare. Se obtuvo el registro de 46 especies de anfibios y 65 especies de reptiles, de las cuales, seis corresponden a nuevos registros y dos amplían la distribución conocida en el país. Los municipios de Sácama, Támara y Recetor presentaron los mayores vacíos de información.Palabras clave: Orinoquía colombiana, herpeto fauna, llanos, piedemonte, distribución.Current knowledge of the amphibian and reptile fauna in the department of Casanare, Colombia AbstractThe present study is an updated revision of the richness, composition and distribution of amphibians and reptiles in Casanare. A total of 1,012 specimens from the main Colombian biological collections were examined and 658 specimens were collected in four Casanare municipalities. As a result, we reported 46 species of amphibians and 65 species of reptiles of which six are new records and two extend their known distribution in Colombia. Additionally, we identified Sácama, Támara and Recetor as the municipalities with the poorest knowledge of their amphibians and reptiles.Key words: Orinoquia, herpeto fauna, distribution, savanna, foothill. Ciencias naturales IntroducciónDurante la última década, tanto el gobierno nacional, como la empresa privada, las organizaciones no gubernamentales, las universidades y los centros de investigación han volcado su atención sobre los diferentes ecosistemas de Casanare motivados por el acelerado crecimiento económico de la región y las radicales transformaciones de los paisajes naturales de las llanuras y el piedemonte. Esto ha generado un creciente número de investigaciones que han significado avances en el conocimiento de los anfibios y reptiles del departamento.A pesar de su vasta extensión y de la importancia que ha tomado esta región para el país, en términos biológicos los esfuerzos han sido insuficientes, ya que el desconocimiento de su fauna sigue siendo evidente, sobre todo en lo concerniente a la fauna de anfibios y reptiles, cuya composición se conoce de manera aceptable en la zona del piedemonte llanero, pero no así en la zona de las sabanas o llanuras del Orinoco.Los primeros registros sobre la herpeto fauna del departamento se deben a Amaral (1931) y Medem (1965, 1981) en lo concerniente a los reptiles y a Cochran & Goin (1970) en cuanto a los anfibios. Tuvieron que pasar tres décadas para que figuraran nuevos registros del departamento, cuando Ruiz, et al., (1996) actualizaron la lista de especies de anfibios del país, con cuyos registros, y los de otras publicaciones, Acosta-Galvis (2000) realizó una nueva revisión de los anfibios de Colombia en la que reportó 22 especies en Casanare. Recientemente, Acosta-Galvis & Alfaro-Bejarano (2011) actualizaron la información sobre los anfibios de este departamento ...

Ikakogi is a behaviorally and morphologically intriguing genus of glassfrog. Using tadpole morphology, vocalizations, and DNA, a new species is described from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta (SNSM), an isolated mountain range in northern Colombia. The new taxon is the second known species of the genus Ikakogi and is morphologically identical to I . tayrona (except for some larval characters) but differs by its genetic distance (14.8% in mitochondrial encoded cytochrome b MT-CYB ; ca. 371 bp) and by the dominant frequency of its advertisement call (2928–3273 Hz in contrast to 2650–2870 Hz in I . tayrona ). They also differ in the number of lateral buccal floor papillae, and the position of the buccal roof arena papillae. Additionally, the new species is differentiated from all other species of Centrolenidae by the following traits: tympanum visible, vomerine teeth absent, humeral spines present in adult males, bones in life white with pale green in epiphyses, minute punctuations present on green skin dorsum, and flanks with lateral row of small, enameled dots that extend from below eye to just posterior to arm insertion. We describe the external and internal larval morphology of the new species and we redescribe the larval morphology of Ikakogi tayrona on the basis of field collected specimens representing several stages of development from early to late metamorphosis. We discuss the relevance of larval morphology for the taxonomy and systematics of Ikakogi and other centrolenid genera. Finally, we document intraspecific larval variation in meristic characters and ontogenetic changes in eye size, coloration, and labial tooth-rows formulas, and compare tadpoles of related species. Ikakogi tayrona has been proposed as the sister taxon of all other Centrolenidae; our observations and new species description offers insights about the ancestral character-states of adults, egg clutches, and larval features in this lineage of frogs.

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This study redescribes the tadpoles of Hyloxalus subpunctatus (Anura: Dendrobatidae) based on larvae from the type locality and over most of its geographic range, including all stages of ontogenetic development. I describe tadpoles in the three developmental phases: (1) back-riding tadpoles, (2) free-swimming tadpoles, (3) froglets or individuals in metamorphosis.The larval morphology showed at least two types of variation: ontogenetic variation and variation within each developmental phase. In back-riding tadpoles, the variation in labial tooth rows suggests a pattern of the labial tooth row formation. In free-swimming tadpoles there is variation in the disposition of marginal papillae, i.e., in the number of rows on the margin of the lips, but this variation has no effect on the general aspect of the tadpoles. Moreover, I compared the tadpoles of H. subpunctatus with tadpoles of potential sympatric species and populations previously identified as H. subpunctatus. Interspecific differences and larval characters were found that were useful in delimiting those species.