This research revisits, updates, and expands the research on undergraduate education from the 1996 Berkeley Conference as reported in O'Neill and Fletcher's edited book titled Nonprofit Management Education: U.S. and World Perspectives. First, the nature and types of undergraduate programs in the United States are examined from a national database developed by Mirabella that answers these questions: How many colleges and universities offer undergraduate nonprofit studies? What colleges and departments offer these? Do they award degrees or certificates? What types of courses are offered? Where do their graduates get jobs? Then, four curricular models used by American Humanics (AH) campuses for nonprofit education are examined: certificate programs, academic minors, academic majors, and programs combining the previous three. The relationships of AH programs to higher education trends are identified and undergraduate nonprofit education programs beyond AH are examined.

Previous research on elderly women living in institutions has showm a postiive relationship between the administration of estrogen and improved psychologic status. In the current 12-month study, the effects of estrogen therapy were compared in 18 institutional women versus 21 noninstitutional women who volunteered to participate. Both groups received conjugated estrogens (Premarin, 0.3 mg daily) in interrupted courses. Throughout the year, the women were evaluated by means of the Eysenck Personality Inventory, the Profile of Mood States, the Lawson Morale Scale, and various self-perception items. Statistically, significant changes occurred in the areas of neuroticism, tension, morale, and subjective mood states, but the improvement was greater in the institutional subjects. The main conclusion was that estrogen therapy has a positive effect upon psychologic status, particularly for women who reside in an institution.

No abstract

No abstract