Introduction and Aim: Breast cancer is the most prevalent sex-based malignancy worldwide. Nolvadex is commonly used as first-line therapy for patients with breast cancer. However, studies have indicated that long-term usage of this medicine can result in nephrotoxicity, which can damage kidney tissues. So, the aim of this research was to examine what happened to the serum levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine when the drug was given to rats in a range of different doses.   Materials and Methods: Male Wistar rats (n=40) were randomly divided into four groups (n=10 each). The physiological solution (normal saline, 0.9%) was given to the control group (G1). Rats in Groups 2, 3, and 4 received Nolvadex at dosages of 30, 40, and 50 mg/kg of body weight four times weekly for a total of 10 weeks. At the end of the experimental period blood drawn from these animals were checked for serum concentrations of urea, uric acid, and creatinine. The animals were sacrificed and their kidneys subjected to histopathological examination. Data obtained was subjected to statistical analysis.   Results: The levels of urea, uric acid, and creatinine that were discovered in the experimental groups were all determined to be significantly higher than the levels that were discovered in the control group. In the experimental group that was given Nolvadex, an infiltration of inflammatory cells, blood congestion, pyknic and necrotic nuclei in the glomerulus, substantial epithelial deterioration in the renal tubules, and an altered renal tissue architecture were detected.   Conclusion: Serum levels of urea, uric acid and creatinine levels increased when experimental rats were administered with varying concentration of the drug Nolvadex. Its administration caused alteration to the architecture of renal tissue.

The primary purpose of this research is to examine the impact of taking risperidone by psychotic individuals on serum levels of prolactin hormone as well as a few biochemical indicators (total protein and liver enzymes AST and ALT). The experiment required collecting fifty blood samples and dividing them into two groups: the first group consisted of normal, healthy persons who served as a control. In contrast, the second group consisted of psychotic patients treated with risperidone at a dosage of two milligrams per day. The findings of this study showed that There were significant increases in total protein content at levels (P≤ 0.05) of the group 2 compared to control, and there were significant gains in liver enzymes (AST and ALT) concentration range at levels (P ≤0.05) of the second group in comparison to the control group, and there were substantial improvements increases in prolactin hormone concentrations at levels (P≤ 0.05) of the second group in compared to control.