News background linking is the problem of finding online resources that can provide valuable context and background information to help the reader comprehend a given news article. While the problem has recently attracted several researchers, however, the notion of background relevance is not well-studied and it requires better understanding to ensure effective system performance. In this paper, we conduct a qualitative analysis on a sample of 25 query news articles and 152 of their corresponding background articles, in addition to 50 of non-background ones. The goal of the study is to shed some light on the relationship between the query articles and the background articles, and provide informative insights for developing more effective background retrieval models. For instance, our analysis shows that event-driven query articles are, on average, harder to process than others, hence they should be handled differently. It also shows that discussing subtopics in detail and adding new informative topics are both essential factors for highly-relevant background articles. Moreover, it shows that a high lexical similarity between a query article and a background one is neither sufficient nor necessary. CCS CONCEPTS • Information systems → Retrieval tasks and goals; Specialized information retrieval.

In this article, we study efficient techniques to tackle the news background linking problem, in which an online reader seeks background knowledge about a given article to better understand its context. Recently, this problem attracted many researchers, especially in the Text Retrieval Conference (TREC) community. Surprisingly, the most effective method to date uses the entire input news article as a search query in an ad-hoc retrieval approach to retrieve the background links. In a scenario where the lookup for background links is performed online, this method becomes inefficient, especially if the search scope is big such as the Web, due to the relatively long generated query, which results in a long response time. In this work, we evaluate different unsupervised approaches for reducing the input news article to a much shorter, hence efficient, search query, while maintaining the retrieval effectiveness. We conducted several experiments using the Washington Post dataset, released specifically for the news background linking problem. Our results show that a simple statistical analysis of the article using a recent keyword extraction technique reaches an average of 6.2× speedup in query response time over the full article approach, with no significant difference in effectiveness. Moreover, we found that further reduction of the search terms can be achieved by eliminating relatively low TF-IDF values from the search queries, yielding even more efficient retrieval of 13.3× speedup, while still maintaining the retrieval effectiveness. This makes our approach more suitable for practical online scenarios. Our study is the first to address the efficiency of news background linking systems. We, therefore, release our source code to promote research in that direction.

Researchers have studied open innovation by focusing primarily on big organizations. With digitization, the adoption of open innovation has become widespread, as there is broader access to cheaper and better information and communication technology. Private or public companies will also support individuals, or a group of individuals, to promote an innovative economy. Some countries also provide incubation opportunities and technical and financial support to encourage digital startups. This paper presents insights on the incubation program organized by one of the prominent centers in Qatar that incubate interested potential entrepreneurs to utilize open innovation for digital startups. The paper uses a qualitative analysis method on the data obtained from the interviews with the trainers (staff) of the center and the entrepreneurs who went through the incubation process. Four hypotheses were developed to understand various aspects of open innovation, the collaboration of startups, and the role of the incubation center. A nonparametric statistical test was used to assess the validity of the hypotheses. The results show that incubation and open innovation can contribute to digital startups. The paper concludes with suggested enhancements for incubation. This paper complements the literature by providing a study of open innovation in digital startups and introducing future research in this field.

the pharmacy is the most important Healthcare unit and Background important link between DRS ,Hospital and direct patients and insure dispensing the drug to the patients to make sure that the they take the correct medication. Developed and updated pharmacy is the goal to ensure good health for all patient and ensure spreading awareness within talented pharmacists .

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