Background:The aim of this study was to evaluate three single rotary NiTi systems regarding their cleaning ability and the amount apically extruded debris. Methodology: A total of forty five extracted permanent mature lower anteriors were divided then instrumented in three groups (n = 15): Fanta AF F One file, OneShape file and OneCurve file. 2.5% Sodium hypochlorite was used as an irrigant. preweighets and postweights were recorded for apical extrusion. Teeth were longitudinally splited into two halves. Images were taken then analysed for debris percentage using J image software. Intergroup comparisons and intragroup comparisons were done using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's post hoc test. Results:The apical extrusion results showed that the highest mean value of apically extruded debris was found in Fanta AF F One group followed by OneCurve group, while the least value was found in OneShape group. Regarding the cleaning ability, none of the tested instrument showed complete cleaning of the canal walls. The three file systems showed better cleaning ability in the coronal and the middle while a less cleaning ability was in the apical thirds of the root canals. Fanta AF F One file showed better cleaning ability compared to Oneshape and OneCurve file systems. Conclusions: Under the conditions of this study, Fanta AF F One file produced more debris than the One Shape and OneCurve file systems. While it showed a better cleaning ability compared to the other file systems.

Background: Muscle injuries are extremely common and may have a profound effect on the individual presenting with them. Determination of the severity of injury to the soft tissues is an important component of patient assessment and affects management of closed fractures. Aim of Study:To assess muscle injury associated with upper and lower closed limb fracture using ultrasound, and to develop ultrasound classification criteria for muscle injury.Patients and Methods: This study is a prospective observational study, was conducted on 30 patients with closed limb fracture and muscle injury at Diagnostic Radiology Department, Ain Shams Hospitals, through of 3 months. Result:The mean size of muscle hematoma was 25.16 ± 6.99mm with range from 15mm to 36mm. The hematoma showed a honeycombed pattern in 3 (10%) cases. Conclusion:Ultrasonography is useful for diagnosing acute muscle injury associated with limb fracture. The ultrasound classification criteria for muscle injury can be used to predict the severity of injury and guide decision on the type of treatment. However, the criteria need to be verified on a larger sample of patients, and some sections of the proposed criteria may require a more detailed analysis.