We designed and synthesized new series of diverse triazoles, isoxazoles, isoxazolines, and aziridines linked 4-methylumbelliferone 1 using intermolecular 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reactions. Structures of these compounds were established on the basis of 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, and ESI-HRMS. All prepared compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial, anticoagulant, and anticholinesterase activities. Interestingly, among the tested molecules, some of the analogs displayed better activities than the parent 4-methylumbelliferone 1 such as 6a and 6d for their antifungal properties. Moreover, compounds 4, 5, 6, and 7 showed the importance of the added fragments to 4-methylumbelliferone 1 via the linker methylene to have good activity.

Synthesis of some novel coumarin esters has been accomplished through iodine-catalyzed method using 4-methylumbelliferone as the starting material. Condensation of hydrazide, which was obtained in two steps from 4-methylumbelliferone, with some arylaldhydes provided hydrazone derivatives, while the reaction with phenylthioisocyanate leads to the thiosemicarbazide that evolved into two new compounds. Finally, condensation reaction of hydrazide with three diketones afforded new pyrrole and pyrazole derivatives. Structures of all synthesized compounds were established on the basis of spectroscopic methods including 1 HNMR, 13 C NMR and ES-HRMS. They were finally tested for their antimicrobial activity and the structure-activity relationship was discussed.