In this article, the proposed antenna structure is designed for modern wireless communication systems. The antenna structure is consistent with 11-unit cells of composite right-left-hand (CRLH) inclusions mounted on an FR4 substrate.Therefore, the antenna size is miniaturized effectively to 30 × 20 mm 2 to cover the frequency bands around 2.45 GHz, for Wi-Fi, and 4.2-6 GHz, for sub-6 5G, networks. The design process is conducted on a circuit model and numerical simulations by evaluating the unit cell transmission phase spectra. For this, a comparison between the circuit model and the numerical simulations is invoked for validation. Such an antenna is found to provide a maximum gain of 6.2 dBi at 4.6 GHz. Next, 11 PIN diodes control the current motion between the antenna patch and the CRLH array. Therefore, PIN arrays are connected to the patch and the ground plane to maintain the surface current motion that realizes main lobe beam steering. The proposed antenna performance is simulated numerically using the CSTMWS software package. Then, it is fabricated and tested experimentally for validation. An excellent agreement is achieved between the simulated and measured results. Finally, it is found this antenna provides excellent beam steering −92°to 92°to suit many modern networks.

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In this article, the proposed antenna structure is designed for modern wireless communication systems. The antenna structure is consistent of twelve-unit metasurface (MTS) unit cells. Therefore, the antenna size is miniaturized effectively to 30×35mm2 which is equivalently about 0.2λo, where λo is the free space wavelength at 3.5GHz. This is achieved by conducting the use of Hilbert shape MTS structure with T-resonator induction structure. The antenna structure is printed on a single side substrate to cover the frequency bands from 3.15GHz-3.63GHz and 4.8GHz-5.1GHz. Such antenna is found to provide a maximum gain of 3.5dBi and 4.8dBi at 3.5GHz and 5Ghz, respectively. Next, proposed antenna is found to be circularly polarized at 3.5GHz and 5GHz. The proposed antenna performance is simulated numerically using CST MWS software package with all design methodology that is chosen to arrive to the optimal performance. Then, the optimal antenna design is tested numerically using HFSS software package for validation. Finally, an excellent agreement is achieved between the two conducted software results.

This paper presents an enhancement in radio frequency (RF) harvesting for conventional patch antenna using a metasurface layer (MSL). The key point behind such enhancement is inspired by Friis’ equation which states; increasing the antenna gain leads to an increase in the received power. To achieve this goal, a MSL consists of 5×5-unit cells of a modified Jerusalem cross are proposed. The proposed MSL provides gain enhancement of about 10 dBi while the gain of the patch antenna is about 1 dBi. The proposed MSL is fabricated, compacted to the antenna and experimentally characterized. The empirical results indict an excellent agreement with the numerical results in terms of |S11| and radiation patterns. In addition, a set of RF harvesting measurements are made for patch antenna with and without the MSL. The comparison between measurements shows a significant enhancement in the output voltage when the MSL is involved.