Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) present a chief public health threat affecting nations worldwide. As numbers of patients afflicted by TBI are expected to rise, the necessity to increase our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanism(s) as a result of TBI mounts. TBI is known to augment the risk of developing a number of neurodegenerative diseases (NDs) such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD) and Parkinson’s disease (PD). Hence, it is rational to assume that a common mechanistic ground links the pathophysiology of NDs to that of TBIs. Through this review, we aim to identify the protein–protein interactions, differential proteins expression, and PTMs, mainly glycosylation, that are involved in the pathogenesis of both ND and TBI. OVID and PubMed have been rigorously searched to identify studies that utilized advanced proteomic platforms (MS based) and systems biology tools to unfold the mechanism(s) behind ND in an attempt to unveil the mysterious biological processes that occur postinjury. Various PTMs have been found to be common between TBI and AD, whereas no similarities have been found between TBI and PD. Phosphorylated tau protein, glycosylated amyloid precursor protein, and many other modifications appear to be common in both TBI and AD. PTMs, differential protein profiles, and altered biological pathways appear to have critical roles in ND processes by interfering with their pathological condition in a manner similar to TBI. Advancement in glycoproteomic studies pertaining to ND and TBI is urgently needed in order to develop better diagnostic tools, therapies, and more favorable prognoses.

Background: Acute gastroenteritis is a very common infectious disease facing all age groups worldwide, especially the pediatric population. Viruses, bacteria, and parasites are all possible causes of infectious gastroenteritis; however, viruses have become more frequently identified with the advances in the ability to diagnose viral infections, particularly rotavirus and adenovirus. We aimed in our study to compare between the prevalence, risk factors, and clinical characteristics of rotavirus and adenovirus among children with viral gastroenteritis in Lebanon. Materials and methods: A 12-months retrospective study was performed between January 1 st and December 31 st , 2018 including 308 children aged 1 month to 12 years, who were admitted to three tertiary healthcare centers in South Lebanon. Medical data were retrieved from patients' files, including clinical and laboratory information. Results: Rotavirus was found in stool of 204 patients (66.23 %), followed by adenovirus in 78 cases (25.32 %), and mixed group (rotavirus and adenovirus) in 26 cases (8.44%). The highest prevalence of rotavirus in our present study was seen among children between 12 and 23 months old, whereas patients infected with adenovirus were mainly aged between 24-35 months or 4-11 months. Majority of patients in the adenovirus and mixed groups had high-grade fever compared to the rotavirus group. Laboratory findings presented significantly higher average of white blood cells (WBCs), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the mixed group compared to the two other groups. Monthly distribution of rotavirus and adenovirus infection revealed a biennial pattern of rotavirus incidence during January and July-August while frequency of adenovirus infection was highest during July-August. Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of viral diarrhea among the pediatric age group in our region, particularly rotavirus and adenovirus, along with the associated non-specific signs and symptoms, we highly recommend that medical laboratories be equipped for virus detection. Also, vaccination against rotavirus should be considered as a prevention strategy.

Highlights Duodenal diverticula is mostly found incidentally and it rarely complicates by perforation. Treatment is only indicated in complicated duodenal diverticula. Micro perforation in the absence of systemic signs are better treated with conservative management. Among surgical options diverticulectomy and single layer closure was performed. Other surgical intervention could involve segmental duodenectomy or pylorus-preserving duodeno-pancreatectomy.

Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma (LELC) of the breast is an extremely rare tumor type. Histologically, it mimics undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma by demonstrating nests of neoplastic epithelial cells in a background of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates. This paper reports a 62-year-old female patient with a 3 × 1.5 cm BI-RADS type IV breast mass diagnosed on excisional biopsy as LELC. The tumor is negative for estrogen and progesterone receptors and did not overexpress HER2/neu. Routine tests for clearance before surgery were performed, and patient was managed by a modified radical mastectomy with axillary lymph node dissection showing no residual tumor. Surgical CAse REports (SCARE) guidelines were followed for reporting our case. The rarity of LELC of the breast warrants the establishment and implementation of well-defined guidelines and criteria for diagnosis and management.