To address the complexity of violence in the homes, schools, and neighborhoods of individuals, we need to shift our level of analysis from individuals to collectives and we need to direct research to prevention efforts. Thus, we argue for an ecological approach that emphasizes the influence of the collective systems (e.g., culture) and focuses on the interconnectedness between individual health and collective well-being. Key Points: Research on violence prevention has found strong evidence to suggest the importance of the family, peers, school, and neighborhood systems in reducing violent behaviors among children and adolescents (see Huston & Bentley, 2010 for a review). However, the impact of the cultural system is, in comparison, lesser known. As such, we need a theoretical framework that emphasizes culture as an important mechanism for change. In this paper, we will first briefly identify gaps in Bronfenbrenner's (1979Bronfenbrenner's ( , 1994 ecological systems theory, one of the most widely used frameworks to understand violence in context. Next, we will describe a community-based ecological approach (Kelly, 1968;Trickett, Kelly, & Vincent, 1983) and illustrate how such an approach with an emphasis on the cultural system builds upon and expands Bronfenbrenner's model of contextual influences on violence prevention. Conclusion: Finally, we will provide a few examples of prevention that are consistent with the community-based ecological approach.

Employment prospects vary for college graduates, with a few courses of study leading to an overabundance of opportunity. For the majority of students, there is significant mismatch between training preparation and actual job demand in either type of job, location of job, or skills required in job. This qualitative study examined integration of desired employment activities and aptitudes into 30 sections of different graduate courses in counseling over four school years to ascertain student perception of enhancement of job preparation. Activites focused on four areas that research indicated to offer benefit for student employment preparation: engagement in work-simulated skills practice; engagement in course group activiteis; participation in service learning volunteerism; and student pro-activity. Many students were already working in the general field of study such as school teachers pursuing a degree in school counseling. Student feedback indicated perceived benefit and efficacy toward preparation for desired post-degree job. Further study is indicated in this potential integration with expansion of study into multiple fields of study and into both undergraduate and graduate programs.

Background: The coronavirus (COVID-19) outbreak has caused public fear alongside social stigma and discrimination. As a result, people hide the illness to avoid discrimination. This study focuses on investigating doctor-patient communication, their challenges when diagnosing suspected COVID-19 patients, and how the physicians communicated with patients’ mental issues. Methods: A mixed-methods approach examined this phenomenon and an online survey was conducted among 221 Indonesian doctors. The following were quantitatively examined: theme of Covid stigma and patient openness, patient/physician interaction and communication, and information and stigmatization of Covid. Qualitatively, two Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were conducted with five physicians and four COVID-19 survivors or their family members. Thereafter, interviews were set up with the selected four persons. Results: 74.2% of respondents encountered patients with lack of honesty or openness, while 55% of physicians claimed that 1-2 patients out of every 10 patients covered up about their illness. 27% of physicians indicated that 3-5 of 10 patients did not tell the truth. Majority of respondents opined that the media/social media played a large role in the promotion of stigma for those who had COVID-19. Conclusion: Study results affirmed belief in a link between the stigma of COVID-19 and patients’ dishonesty. Results indicated that many individuals are reluctant to disclose their true positions for fear of stigmatization by the people around them. This is linked to the stigma of COVID-19 and patient reluctance to be honest about their health/illness per impact of COVID-19.  This research concluded that doctors need to find creative ways to communicate with their patients so as to increase patient honesty about illness.

Online learning as a choice in higher education has grown exponentially. Research has indicated the importance for instructors to provide opportunity for student collaboration through use of online tools such as wikis, discussion boards, and group projects. A survey methodology was employed to gather higher education students' opinions on both participation in group projects at the post-secondary level and the efficacy of using wikis versus traditional formats such as face-to-face interaction or discussion boards as collaboration tools. Responses were collected from two groups of students taking a graduate level course called Life Span Development; one traditional face-to-face group and one online web-based group, with a total number of 66 participants. The results of this study support the values of integration of student collaboration in group work on course assignments Furthermore, this study provided comparison and contrast between the three collaboration modalities of discussion boards, face to face groups, and wikis. This study provides support for further research to analyze benefits and challenges of these modalities and others on multiple types of assignments.

Pedagogy today has a greater need to focus on relevance for students between course content and the real world of student life and work. Educators across disciplines have found a challenge to engage students in learning activities that carry value for them. The case study is a pedagogical tool that can connect student learning to real life examples. Narratives from books and movies present characters and situations that provide opportunity for student analysis within course concepts and student application to both personal and professional experience. Students enter example experiences that they might encounter and gain insight of potential response. This qualitative study examined graduate course work with case studies in Life-span Development, Multi-cultural Counseling, and Traumatology in which students reviewed books and movies with case examples aligned with course content. The instructor provided structured analysis format in which students were required to reflect on both personal and professional application relevant to the focus of the course. Student responses indicated perception of strong value for insight and application gained from the case studies and also high perception of use of these as tools in their own future work as educators or mental health professionals.Keywords: arts in learning, case studies in pedagogy, student engagement Two needs with good pedagogy in graduate education today seem to be relevance to the real world of the student and student active engagement with the learning process. In yesteryear, the norm may have been lecture, note-taking, and examination. Yesteryear also had fewer students in pursuit of collegiate and especially graduate education. Machovec (2017) noted that while high school graduating classes are getting smaller, the percentage of those students going to college is getting larger. This trend aligns with the historical shift from agricultural to industrial to information-age worldviews. A growing concern is a trend toward overeducation and underemployment of young adults (Li & Simonson, 2015). Li, et al. (2015) indicated that 48 percent of workers were overeducated for their job positions.A challenge for educators in all disciplines is to engage students in academic endeavor that has perceived value for the student. LeDuc and Kotzer (2009) conducted a study with current nursing students, recent graduates, and seasoned nurses on their professional values. They found that across all three groups, competence, collaboration, and peer-evaluation were considered as the most important professional values-all indicating relevance in real-world application.