These results indicate that breast density changes associated with HRT are dynamic, increasing with initiation, and decreasing with discontinuation.

Current use of ERT is associated with lower specificity and lower sensitivity of screening mammography. Lower specificity could increase the cost of breast cancer screening, and lower sensitivity may decrease its effectiveness.

No abstract

An increase in mammographic density was demonstrated in most subjects undergoing continuous combined HRT and was most pronounced in subjects with a lower baseline density percentage.

Osteoporosis is characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and abnormal bone architecture. Common fracture sites are vertebrae, proximal femur, and distal forearm. Osteoporosis is underdiagnosed and undertreated. All women 65 and older should be screened. Consider screening younger postmenopausal women with elevated risk. Osteoporosis is diagnosed based on T score or a fragility fracture. Women with osteoporosis or who have a 10-year risk of any major fracture of 20% or hip fracture of 3% should be evaluated for causes of low bone density and treated with an osteoporosis-specific medication, lifestyle interventions, and calcium and vitamin D intake.