An association with GBCAs in the development of NSF is suggested in the setting of renal insufficiency, but other factors seem to play a role. Dialysis did not prevent the development of NSF. Gadolinium was detected in skin samples from NSF patients.

Patients with borderline dysplasia and frank dysplasia exhibited increased values of labral length in the weightbearing zone, potentially indicating a compensatory reaction to the lack of bony coverage. Labral length may serve as an instability marker and inform clinical decision making for patients with borderline dysplasia.

Patients with developmental dysplasia of the hip often have compensatory labral hypertrophy, which presumably lends stability to an unstable joint. Conversely, patients with acetabular overcoverage may have small or ossified labra. The purpose of this study is to explore the interaction of labral length with the degree of acetabular hip coverage. A retrospective cohort of patients with hip pain presenting to a hip preservation center, who had undergone hip magnetic resonance imaging and AP pelvis radiographs were studied. General linear multivariate models were used to assess the association between three measures of labral length (lateral, anterior and anterior inferior locations along the acetabular rim) and the X-ray derived lateral center edge angle (LCEA) of Wiberg. Of the three acetabular labral locations measured, only the lateral labrum was associated with LCEA Wiberg (P = 0.0008). Lateral labral length increases as LCEA of Wiberg decreases. The anterior and anterior inferior labral locations did not show a predictable increase in labral length as LCEA Wiberg decreased.

A comprehensive knowledge of normal hip anatomy and imaging techniques is essential in the evaluation and assessment of the patient with hip pain. This article reviews the osseous, soft tissue, and vascular components of the hip and the normal anatomical variants encountered in routine hip imaging. Basic and advanced hip imaging is discussed with particular emphasis on radiographic and computed tomography measurements and their utility in evaluating patients with developmental hip dysplasia and femoroacetabular impingement syndrome.

➤ A proper technique is critically important for accurate interpretation of the anteroposterior radiograph, with a true anteroposterior radiograph of the pelvis made with the patient in the supine or standing position with a tube-to-image distance of 120 cm and a photon beam centered midway between the pubic symphysis and the top of the iliac crests.➤ Frequent characteristics of developmental dysplasia that may be seen on an anteroposterior pelvic radiograph are a hypoplastic acetabular weight-bearing zone, steeply sloped acetabular roof, lateralized center of rotation, acetabular anteversion or retroversion in the presence of a hypovolemic acetabulum, and coxa valga.➤ Increased depth, femoral head overcoverage, and/or abnormal acetabular version (typically retroversion) are the main etiologies of pincer-type femoroacetabular impingement (FAI).➤ Cam-type FAI deformities are represented by global deformities such as femoral head asphericity and diminished head-neck offset.➤ Commonly utilized grading systems of osteoarthritis evaluate the hip for evidence of joint-space narrowing, subchondral sclerosis and cyst formation, osteophyte development, and femoral head deformity.