Primary grade children from small (two children) and large (five or more children) families were compared on teacher ratings of school maladjustment. Children from small families, referred to a school mental health program, scored as significantly more maladjusted than referred large‐family children on Aggression and Acting‐out problems. Conversely, children from large families had significantly more serious Learning problems. Thus, each group had predominant types of school adjustment problems.