Background Multiple sexual partnership (MSP) is a major cause of HIV/AIDS epidemic and unplanned pregnancies in sub-Saharan Africa. We investigate how individual, household, interpersonal, community and structural factors correlate with multiple sexual partnership of adolescent boys and young men in Ghana. Methods We pooled secondary data from the 2003, 2008 and 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Surveys (GDHS). Analytic sample of 1422 males aged 15–24 years who are sexually active and never married were used for the study. The outcome variable for the study was two or more sexual partners in the last 12 months preceding the survey. Five models were fitted using multilevel mixed effects logistic regression to identify predictors of multiple sexual partners. Results were presented using adjusted odds ratios (ORadj) with its corresponding 95% confidence interval. Results The pooled data prevalence of multiple sexual partnership was 28.1%, with 18.7%, 30.0% and 33.3% of adolescent boys and young men involved in multiple sexual partnerships in 2003, 2008 and 2014, respectively. Results of the study showed that young men aged 20–24 years [ORadj = 1.39, 95% CI = 1.01–1.91], being from household with richest wealth index [ORadj = 1.76, 95% CI = 1.01–3.06] and those with secondary/higher education [ORadj = 2.94, 95% CI = 1.44–6.06] were more likely to have multiple sexual partners. On the other hand, those who delayed their first sex [ORadj = 0.45, 95% CI = 0.29–0.70] and those currently using modern contraceptive methods [ORadj = 0.37, 95% CI = 0.28–0.50] were less likely to have multiple sexual partners. Conclusion The findings provide support for the social ecological argument that sexual health behaviours are influenced by individual, interpersonal, community and contextual characteristics. Future policies and interventions seeking to address the increasing prevalence of multiple sexual partnerships among adolescent boys and young men should take into consideration family planning programmes and sexual education in affluent communities, secondary and higher institutions.

Generally, men in sub-Saharan Africa make reproductive decisions that affect their partners. We examined the predictors of fertility desires among married men across three age cohorts: 20–35 years, 36–50 year, and 51–59 years. Using the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey dataset, we conducted ANOVA and multivariate binary logistic regressions on 1431 monogamous married men aged 20–59 years. Two indicators of fertility desire are constructed: (i) the comparison of men’s ideal versus women’s ideal family size, and (ii) the desire for more children. The results indicate that the fertility desire of men is stronger than that of women. The predictors of fertility desire are age, parity, religion, contraceptive use, wealth quintile, couples’ age difference and couples’ difference in education. At ages 20–35 years, men using modern contraceptives were more likely to desire more children compared with those not using any modern contraceptives. However, at ages 36–50 years, men using modern contraceptives were less likely to desire more children. This finding suggests that men change their fertility desires in response to changes in their ages.

Background Despite the importance of contraceptives in reducing unwanted pregnancy and other related maternal morbidity and mortality, contraceptive usage is very low among women in their reproductive ages. In Ghana, there is an increase in contraceptive use for traditional and modern methods in rural areas. However, there is a paucity of studies examining the factors associated with any contraceptive method in the rural Eastern region of Ghana. Therefore, this study seeks to examine the prevalence and determinants of current use of any contraceptive method among women of reproductive age in the rural Eastern Region of Ghana. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among women of reproductive age in the rural Eastern region of Ghana. A structured questionnaire was used to interview rural women in Lower Manya and Upper Manya Krobo districts of Eastern region who were selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data were analysed using Stata version 16. A Binary logistic regression was used to examine the determinants of current use of any contraceptive use (traditional and modern methods). Results The prevalence of contraceptive use was 27.8%. From the unadjusted analyses, age (p = 0.001), marital status (p = 0.087), desire for another child (p = 0.089) and head of household (p = 0.013) were independently associated with contraceptive use. In the adjusted analysis, contraceptive use was significantly higher among respondents aged 18–35 years (aOR:3.27; 95%CI:1.46–7.34;p = 0.004) or 36–40 years (aOR:2.14;95%CI:0.97–4.71;p = 0.049), husbands/partners who were head of households (aOR:3.40; 95%CI: 0.96–12.10; p = 0.028) compared with those aged 41–49 years and respondents who were head of households respectively. Contraceptive use was significantly lower among migrants (aOR:0.59; 95%CI:0.31–1.09; p = 0.036) compared with non-migrant. Conclusion This study highlights the factors associated with contraceptive use and the need to improve campaigns and educate rural women on contraceptives to prevent unwanted pregnancy and space birth. Family planning programs should target young women, non-migrants and male-headed households to design an intervention to increase contraceptive use in rural areas.

PurposeThe hospitality industry is one of Ghana's key economic contributors. It is an industry that has significant indigenous investment. The sector also brings in foreign exchange for Ghana. In 2019, it generated $325 m through tourist visits. This makes the hospitality industry critical for the attraction of foreign direct investments. The research was therefore aimed at examining the business environment of the hospitality industry for evidence of negative factors that can hamper its greater contribution to the attainment of Goal 8 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the UN such as guest-bullying and the incivility in hospitality occupations.Design/methodology/approachA convenience sampling method was used to select 346 samples out of the accessible 3,500 targeted population from 38 hotels in the capital city of Ghana, Accra, comprising of junior to senior employees of various departments. The questionnaires were scripted from a paper-based to digital format supported by the Opine software installed on tablets and smartphones, to enable complete adherence to all coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) safety protocols. The study used a regression to ascertain the relationships between the dependent variables and the independent variables.FindingsThe study found the “Level of Permissiveness for Guests” positively and significantly “encouraged” guests to bully staff, while “Management and Staff Laxity” negatively but significantly explained guest bullying behaviour.Originality/valueThe study makes the first attempt in context to shed light on workplace bullying which represents one of the main factors that can inhibit or erode any gains or attempts to foster the achievement of Goal 8 of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals of the UN which is to create “Decent Work and Economic Growth”.

Background: The concept of resilience runs through an array of disciplines, consisting of engineering, public health, ecology, psychology, sociology, disaster management, and business administration. Researchers have tries to explain the relationship amongst connected ideas such as resiliency, adaptability, transformability, and vulnerability but their varied definitions and differences between them remain fuzzy. There are two reasons why resilience theory is important in entrepreneurship. Firstly, researchers generally employ the term resilience to mean consciousness, determination, perseverance, or self-value to justify why some entrepreneurs and their firms achieve better results than their non-resilient counterparts. Secondly, there are cognitive and behavioral entrepreneurial traits that strengthen a firm’s capability to adapt to varying conditions. The aim of this study is to review the literature that intercepts resilience and entrepreneurship. The study will attempt to identify scholarly conversations to construct notions of resilience and entrepreneurship. Therefore, limitations in the current literature will be examined and directions for future studies would be highlighted. Methods: This paper adopted a systematic interdisciplinary review of relevant studies that is patterned using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Results: The scholarly works selected from the literature portrayed six emerging colloquies or research tributaries that intercept entrepreneurship and resilience:   Resilience as a function of entrepreneurial individuals or firms,Resilience generating entrepreneurial intentions,Entrepreneurial behavior boosting organizational resilience and,Resilience in the framework of entrepreneurial failure,Entrepreneurship and culture,Resilience as a process of recovery and transformation. Conclusions: This study serves as a backdrop for the emergence of more nuanced debates on the relationship that exists between different streams of conversations on resilience. In addition, this  paper shows how entrepreneurs contribute towards promoting a constructively sustainable means for socio-economic development.