Palladium‐catalyzed Mizoroki–Heck reactions were carried out in the presence of calcium carbonate in alcoholic solvents. Under these conditions an efficient preparation of functionalized benzalacetones was developed. The reactions were carried out at room temperature and aerobic conditions, giving the products within several minutes in up to 95% isolated yields. Furthermore, some kinetic investigations, mechanistic insights and considerations are presented.

Hospitalists are uniquely positioned to implement strategies to improve patient flow and efficiency. Hospital leaders have stated they expect hospitalists to comanage surgical patients, participate in observation units, and screen medical admissions, in addition to providing inpatient care for medical patients. We review how the hospitalists' role in acute inpatient care, surgical comanagement, short stay units, chest pain units, and active bed management has improved throughput and patient flow. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2012. © 2012 Society of Hospital Medicine

Little is known about hepatic T lymphocyte subpopulations in the human liver. The aim of this study was to document the various subpopulations present in the liver and compare them to peripheral T lymphocytes in the same patients. Normal hepatic tissue was obained at time of transplant from five patients, and a single cell suspension of lymphocytes were prepared by standard methods. Ceils were stained with monoclonal antibodies specific for CD8ct and CD8B chains, CD4, CD8, CD3, o~BTCR, and ySTCR, and analyzed by two and three colour flow cytometry. Of the hepatic CD3+ cells, 71% were CD8+ and 25% were CD4+, with a CD4/CD8 ratio of 1:3 in contrast to the peripheral CD4/CD8 ratio of 2:1.18% of the hepatic CD3+ cells expressed ySTCR. Significantly, CD8~ct accounted for 27% [mean] of the total hepatic CD8+ population. Conclusion: There is now evidence that the adult human gut can support extrathymic T cell differentation. A significant population of hepatic CD8txct cells would suggest that the liver is also a site of extrathymic differentiation, which may have important implications for the understanding of autoimmunity and graft tolerance.