BackgroundCOVID-19 has fundamentally altered how education is delivered. Gordon et al. previously conducted a review of medical education developments in response to COVID-19, however, the field has rapidly evolved in the ensuing months. This scoping review aims to map the extent, range and nature of subsequent developments, summarizing the expanding evidence base and identifying areas for future research. MethodsThe authors followed the five stages of a scoping review outlined by Arskey and O'Malley. Four online databases and MedEdPublish were searched. Two authors independently screened titles, abstracts and full texts. Included articles described developments in medical education deployed in response to COVID-19 and reported outcomes. Data extraction was completed by two authors and synthesized into a variety of maps and charts. ResultsOne hundred twenty-seven articles were included: 104 were from North America, Asia and Europe; 51 were undergraduate, 41 graduate, 22 continuing medical education, and 13 mixed; 35 were implemented by universities, 75 by academic hospitals, and 17 by organizations or collaborations. The focus of developments included pivoting to online learning (n=58), simulation (n=24), assessment (n=11), well-being (n=8), telehealth (n=5), clinical service 2 reconfigurations (n=4), interviews (n=4), service provision (n=2), faculty development (n=2) and other (n=9). The most common Kirkpatrick outcome reported was Level 1, however, a number of studies reported 2a or 2b. A few described Levels 3, 4a, 4b or other outcomes (e.g. quality improvement). ConclusionsThis scoping review mapped the available literature on developments in medical education in response to COVID-19, summarizing developments and outcomes to serve as a guide for future work. The review highlighted areas of relative strength, as well as several gaps. Numerous articles have been written about remote learning and simulation and these areas are ripe for full systematic reviews. Telehealth, interviews and faculty development were lacking and need urgent attention. Practice Points• Most developments to date focused on pivoting to online learning and simulation, making these areas well poised for full systematic reviews.• Research on telehealth, interviews and faculty development to teach in remote environments was lacking and urgently needed.• Several exemplary articles demonstrated the power of collaboration, highlighting opportunities for enhanced cooperation in medical education in the future.

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APPENDIX 1: Search StrategyPubMed (covid-19[tw] OR COVID19 [tw] OR OR OR OR severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2[nm] OR severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2[tw] OR 2019-nCoV[tw] OR 2019nCoV[tw] OR coronavirus[tw] OR coronavirus[mh] OR pandemic[tw]) AND ("Internship and Residency"[Mesh] OR "Students, Medical"[Mesh] OR "Education, Medical"[Mesh] OR "Schools, Medical"[Mesh] OR Intern[tiab] OR interns[tiab] OR "House officer"[tw] OR "house officers"[tw] OR Resident[ti] OR residents[ti] OR residency[ti] OR "medical education"[tw] OR fellow[tiab] OR fellows[tiab] OR "junior doctor"[tw] OR "junior doctors"[tw] OR "postgraduate"[tw] OR postgraduate[tw] OR "foundation year"[tw] OR "foundation program"[tw] OR "medical student"[tw] OR "medical students"[tw] OR "Curriculum"[mesh] OR curricul*[tiab] OR "medical school"[tw] OR "medical schools"[tw] OR "medical training"[tw] OR "undergraduate"[tw] OR "graduate"[tw] OR Learn*[tw] OR training[tw] OR trainer[tw] OR trainee*[tw] OR instructor*[tw] OR instructional[tw] OR educat*[tw] OR classroom*[tw] OR simulat*[tw] OR virtual[tw] OR ZOOM[tw]) AND ("2020/05/01"[Date -Publication] : "3000"[Date -Publication])

JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. Linguistic Society of America is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Language.[Koasati has certain well-defined differences between the speech of men and of women. Other Muskogean languages, such as Muskogee and Hitchiti, also had such differences formerly, and here and there throughout the world one meets with similar instances. Sometimes the differences affect vocabulary items, sometimes the pronunciation of particular words.] I Koasati is a Muskogean language now spoken in southwestern Louisiana.1 One of the most interesting features of the language is the fact that the speech of women differs in certain well-defined respects from that of men. The differences may be described by means of a fairly simple set of rules, and the most concise way to formulate them is to set up the forms used by women as basic and to derive the forms used by men from these. While this procedure is preferred because of the greater expediency it offers in the formulation of the rules, it is in most instances arbitrary. In a few instances, however, the speech of women is seen to be somewhat more archaic than that of men and to this extent it is possible to justify the procedure on historical grounds.The differences between the two types of speech are confined to certain indicative and imperative forms of verbal paradigms. In order to simplify the statement of the rules governing the forms which differ in these paradigms, the rules governing the identical forms are presented first. These are as follows:(1) If the women's form ends in a vowel, the men's form is the same. Examples: W or M lakawwilt 'I lifted it'2 oktawhiskd 'you stirred it' isk6 'he drank'

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