RESUMO. Este trabalho busca, a partir da literatura, apresentar a Síndrome de Burnout sob a perspectiva social-psicológica de Christina Maslach. Expõe os principais modelos explicativos de burnout em professores e, fundamentado em estudos recentes, identifica suas principais causas e conseqüências para os profissionais e para as instituições de ensino. Palavras-chaves: Síndrome de Burnout, professores, educação. THE BURNOUT SYNDROME AND TEACHING ABSTRACT. This article, based on theorical references, intends to present the Burnout Syndrome following Christina Maslach social-psychological perspectives. It shows the most important causes and consequences of the syndrome to professionals and to the institution they belong to.
A Síndrome de Burnout é uma reação ao estresse excessivo relacionada ao trabalho. O objetivo do estudo foi identificar a prevalência da Síndrome de Burnout em 882 professores de escolas da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre-RS. Foram utilizados como instrumentos de pesquisa: um questionário elaborado especificamente para levantamento de variáveis demográficas, laborais e o MBI- Maslach Burnout Inventory (HSS-ED). Os resultados obtidos evidenciam 5,6% de professores com alto nível de exaustão emocional, 0,7% em despersonalização e 28,9% com baixa realização profissional. Mulheres, sem companheiro fixo, sem filhos, com idade mais elevada, que possuem maior carga horária, que atendem maior número de alunos e trabalham em escolas públicas apresentam maior risco de desenvolvimento de Burnout.
This article presents the results of an epidemiological study on burnout syndrome among private school teachers in Greater Metropolitan Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil, testing possible associations with demographic, work-related, and stress-related variables. The target population consisted of 217 teachers, of whom 190 participated (87.5%). The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was used to measure burnout, together with a questionnaire to record the other variables. The results showed that teachers have a low score in the three dimensions comprising burnout: emotional exhaustion, depersonalization, and decreased personal fulfillment at work. Demographic variables did not show any association with burnout, while occupational variables, workload, and number of students were associated with emotional exhaustion. Bad conduct by students, family expectations, and limited participation in institutional decisions were the stress factors associated with burnout.
The Burnout Syndrome has been considered a public health issue because of the physical and mental health implications on workers, with clear effect on the quality of life at work. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of the Burnout syndrome in elementary school teachers in the city of João Pessoa, PB, and its relationship with sociodemographic and labor variables. Results showed that 33.6% of teachers presented high levels of Emotional Exhaustion, 8.3% a high level of Depersonalization, and 43.4% a low level of Professional Achievement. Socio-demographic and labor variables were associated with the dimensions of Burnout. Results indicate the importance of understanding and acknowledging occupational diseases to include teachers in public policy measures for the health and well-being of the category.
O objetivo deste estudo foi identificar os preditores da Síndrome de Burnout em 563 professores de instituições educacionais particulares da região metropolitana de Porto Alegre - RS. Foram utilizados um questionário elaborado para levantamento de variáveis demográficas e profissionais, o Maslach Burnout Inventory, o Job Diagnostic Survey e o Questionário de Satisfação no Trabalho S20/23. Os resultados evidenciam que variáveis relacionadas ao contexto laboral predominam no modelo explicativo de Burnout em professores em ambos os grupos.
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