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Biowaste originating from aquaculture sector represents a potential feedstock to produce value-added substances and materials like chitin and chitosan. They are the long chain polymers of N-acetylglucosamine polymers with huge industrial and biomedical significance. Chitin has long been recognized as a useful biomaterial for drug delivery and neurological therapy. Similarly, chitosan oligosaccharide, a short chain polymer derived from chitin/chitosan, has been identified for its potential biomedical applications, including antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anti-Alzheimer action. Chitosan nanoparticles are also used extensively in biomedical applications. Here we have critically summarized various methods for the extraction of chitin, chitosan, and chitooligossacharides and chitosan nanoparticle preparation and their diverse biomedical applications.

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