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ABSTRACT-The genetic diversity of 38 ecotypes of watermelon was evaluated using genetic markers and morphological traits. Analysis of variance showed a signifi cant diff erence for the studied traits. Cluster analysis using UPGMA method based on morphological traits was classifi ed studied ecotypes into four groups. Using 11 primers were obtained 89 polymorphic bands that cluster analysis of molecular data was placed 38 ecotypes into four groups. The genetic diversity structure of the watermelon accessions on the basis of ISSR data evidenced a common pattern of molecular markers. The similarity of ecotypes grouping with molecular markers and morphological traits was low and the correlation coeffi cient of the twomatrices was low (r = 0.03), revealing quite a non-signifi cant correlation between them and the effi ciency of them to assays in estimating genetic diversity in watermelon is diff erent. Overall, this study demonstrated high genetic diversity among cultivated watermelon which may be attributed to their high genetic background and environmental eff ects. Keywords: genetic diversity, ISSR, marker RESUMO -Agrupamento e diversidade genética de diferentes ecótipos de melancia com base em características agro-morfológicas e ISSR.A diversidade genética de 38 ecótipos de melancia foi avaliada usando marcadores genéticos e características morfológicas. A análise de variância mostrou diferença signifi cativa para os caracteres estudados. A análise de agrupamento usando o método UPGMA baseado em características morfológicas foi classifi cada os ecótipos em quatro grupos. Utilizando 11 primers foram obtidas 89 bandas polimórfi cas que agruparam a análise de dados moleculares em 38 ecótipos em quatro grupos. A estrutura de diversidade genética dos acessos de melancia com base nos dados do ISSR evidenciou um padrão comum de marcadores moleculares. A semelhança do agrupamento de ecótipos com marcadores moleculares e características morfológicas foi baixa e o coefi ciente de correlação das duas matrizes foi baixo (r = 0,03), revelando uma correlação bastante signifi cativa entre eles e a efi ciência dos mesmos em estimar a diversidade genética em melancia é diferente. No geral, este estudo demonstrou alta diversidade genética entre a melancia cultivada, o que pode ser atribuído ao seu elevado background genético e efeitos ambientais. Palavras-chave: diversidade genética, ISSR, marcador

<p>Optimization of tissue culture and regeneration conditions of eggplant is necessary for achieving different goals such as gene transformation and the development of somaclonal variations. In this study, hypocotyl explants ware used to produce callus in a medium containing different concentrations of NAA and BAP. Moreover, the concentration of the elements Ca, Mn, Mg, Fe and K were measured and analysed between embryogenic and non-embryogenic calli. For shoot elongation, embryogenic calli were transferred to a new culture medium containing 3.5, 4 and 4.5 mg l^-1 BAP plus 2 mg l^-1 GA3. Finally, produced shoots were rooted in a culture medium containing 1, 1.5 and 2 mg l^-1 NAA. Results showed that the best treatment for the embryogenic callus induction was MS medium containing 0.5 mg l^-1 BAP plus 0.25 mg l^-1 NAA. Two elements, Fe and K, had the highest amount in non-embryogenic calli compare to the embryogenic one. For plant regeneration, MS medium containing 4.5 mg l^-1 BAP plus 2 mg l^-1 GA3 and 2 mg l^-1 NAA were the best treatments for shooting and rooting, respectively. In this study, the best treatments for plant regeneration produced 35 shoots from an explant with 92 % shooting. This regeneration protocol could be useful for gene transformation and micro-propagation studies.</p>

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The rates of recombinant protein in nuclear-transformed plants are often less than 1% of total soluble proteins.As the plant plastid is highly polyploidy, plastid transformation can lead to high-level production of recombinant protein. In addition, plastid transformation has several other advantages such as prevention of gene escape that has a high importance in molecular farming. Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) is an important protein that is used to treating clots in cardiovascular diseases. Thus, production of tPA protein in plant system was considered. The tPA (K2S form) gene was transferred to tobacco chloroplast genomes. In this study, we analyzed expression and stability of tPA gene in transplastomic tobacco plants in T1 generation. The presence of tPA gene in transplastomic plants was confirmed with specific primer by PCR analysis. Homoplasmy, gene expression, and protein assay were confirmed with southern blot, RT-PCR, western blotting and ELISA analysis. Results showed that the tPA gene in T1 generation of transplastomic tobacco plants is stable and is expressed. In addition, the maximum amount of tPA protein was estimated up to 0.13% of total soluble protein.