Introduction:The high prevalence of dry socket or alveolar osteitis (AO) is of concern in surgical removal of third molars. The aim of the present study was to assess the preventive effect of plasma rich in growth factors (PRGF) on AO and also its effect on pain management and healing acceleration in third molar extraction sockets of high-risk patients.Materials and Methods:This split-mouth, double-blind clinical trial included 40 bilateral third molar extractions (80 sockets) with at least one identified risk factor for AO. PRGF was obtained from patient's own blood, based on manufacturer's instruction, and blindly placed in one of the two bilateral sockets (PRGF group; n = 20) of each patient. The contralateral socket was treated with a placebo (control group; n = 20). Samples were evaluated for AO and pain incidence on days 2, 3 and 4 and healing and infection on days 3 and 7. Data were analyzed in SPSS v16 using Wilcoxon test.Results:There was a significant difference in dry socket and pain incidence and healing rate between the two groups. Intensity of pain and occurrence of dry socket in the study group was lower than the controls. Also the healing rate was higher (P < 0.05) for the PRGF group. No sign of infection was seen in either group.Conclusion:The application of PRGF may significantly reduce the incidence of AO or its associated pain and may accelerate healing. The prophylactic use of PRGF following third molar extraction may be suggested especially in the patients at risk of AO.
Background. Fluoride-releasing capacity has been added to fissure sealants to benefit from the positive anticariogenic effects of both sealants and fluoride. This comparative research investigated the inhibitory effects of conventional and fluoridereleasing fissure sealants on initial lesions with or without exposure to fluoride toothpaste. Methods. Cavities were prepared on buccal surfaces of 24 premolar teeth which were randomly divided into three groups. In the cavities of the first group, a fluoride-releasing fissure sealant and in the second group, a conventional fissure sealant were placed; the third group was left intact. Incipient lesions were produced around the cavities. Each group was divided into two subgroups, which were exposed to fluoride-containing toothpaste or artificial saliva. Lesion depths were measured under a polarized light microscope before and after treatment. Changes in lesion depths in the samples were analyzed by SPSS 17. Results. Initial and final caries depths were significantly lower in the fluoride-releasing fissure sealant group compared to the other groups (P<0.001). The average depths of carious lesions were lower in subgroups exposed to fluoride-containing toothpaste than the subgroups exposed to artificial saliva and the difference was significant in the conventional sealant group and the group without sealant (P<0.001); however, the difference between the toothpaste-exposed and saliva-exposed subgroups was not significant in the fluoride-releasing fissure sealant group (P=0.721). Conclusion. Incorporation of fluoride into the fissure sealants can be effective in the inhibition of dental caries. It seems that fluoride, released from fluoride-releasing sealants, overwhelms the remineralizing capacity of fluoride released from the toothpaste on the same tooth.
Alpha 1-antitrypsin is a member of serine protease inhibitors which mainly inactivates neutrophil elastase and prevents the destruction of the pulmonary extracellular matrix. Alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency causes emphysema in adults and liver disease in children. The main goal of the present study was to investigate ability of poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles to carry the alpha 1-antitrypsin protein as a potential therapeutic agent for the protection of lung tissue against free proteolytic activity. Poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide nanoparticles with an average size of 550 nm were produced by the "oil-in-oil emulsification solvent evaporation method" and successfully loaded with the alpha 1-antitrypsin protein during the production of the nanoparticles. The constructed nanoparticles were then characterized in terms of size, morphology and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy which was subsequently followed by studying the in vitro release of the protein. The resulting profile indicated that the protein was completely released from the polymeric nanoparticles after 36 days. In conclusion, our data suggests that poly (D, L-lactide-co-glycolide) nanoparticles could be an effective, potential carrier for delivery of alpha 1-antitrypsin protein.
Traumatic, inherited, and age-related degenerative diseases of the retina, such as retinal detachment, glaucoma, retinitis pigmentosa, and age-related macular degeneration, are characterized by the irreversible loss of retinal neurons. Several growth factors, including glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor and pigment epithelium-derived factor, have been shown to rescue retinal neurons in animal models of retinal disease. Here we describe a scalable and robust system to study the growth factor induction in the retina: retinal organoids derived from the induced pluripotent stem cells. We have demonstrated that they secrete GDNF and PEDF at the levels tenfold above detection limit for ELISA. We also have shown that growth factor production in this system may be upregulated by specific trigger, demonstrating the feasibility of this approach for drug discovery.
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