This paper presents a dual-objective facility programming model for a green supply chain network. The main objectives of the presented model are minimizing overall expenditure and negative environmental impacts of the supply chain. This study contributes to the existing literature by incorporating uncertainty in customer demand, suppliers, production, and casting capacity. An industrial case study is also analyzed to reveal the feasibility of the proposed model and its application. A fuzzy approach which is known as TH is used to solve the suggested dualobjective model. TH approach is integration of a max-min method (LH) and modified version of Werners' approach (MW). The outcome of this study reveals that the presented model can support green supply chain network in different levels of uncertainty. In presented model, cost and negative environmental impacts derived from the supply chain network will increase of higher levels of uncertainty.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between gender wage gap, productivity level of labor force and international trade for a sample of 13 developing upper-middle income countries over the period 2001 to 2015. Design/methodology/approach According to different statistical tests such as F-Limer test, the proper method for estimating this model is panel regression analysis. The Hausman test was handled to realize the fixed or random effect characteristics of this data. The final result of this test shows that the data follow some kind of random behavior which makes the panel regression model, random effect a suitable method for estimating this data. Findings The regression results showed that women’s (and men’s) employment in this sample has a positive relationship with their wages. Results showed that labor force’s productivity level affects their wage, and therefore, productivity difference between women and men is impressive on the gender wage gap. The significant finding is about international trade. While international trade has a positive effect on the wage rate of both genders, this effect is stronger for the female labor force. As a result of a stronger effect of international trade on the female labor force, a negative effect of international trade on the gender wage gap is observed. Research limitations/implications Productivity variables are not available for this sample countries, so the author creates a new variable which is going to be used as a proxy for productivity. The author divides value added in each section (Agriculture, Manufacture, Industry, Service) by the total number of employees in that section; then for calculating the productivity rate of women, the author multiplies the result by the percentage of the employed women in that sector; for the productivity of men in that sector, the author multiplies the result by the percentage of men employed in that sector. Originality/value This paper contributes to the available studies by selecting a new sample of developing countries with upper-middle income level and also by introducing a new variable which is useful for measuring labor force productivity level.

The paper focuses on investigating the relationship between (gdp share of) consumption and, two alternative measures of financial development and real interest rate using a sample of eight Central and East European countries for the period of 1993-2010. The panel estimation of two alternative regression equations for consumption suggested that the direction of the net effect of financial development on consumption can vary depending on the measure of financial development chosen. Specifically we found out that while the ratio of broad measure supply of money supply (M2) to gdp has a negative (and statistically significant) effect on consumption, the effect of the ratio of domestic credit to gdp is positive but statistically insignificant. Furthermore, the estimation results have produced evidence of a positive (and statistically significant) effect of real interest rate on consumption. And finally the per capita real gdp and growth rate of real gdp have been found to be (statistically) insignificantly associated with consumption.

Abstract-The Literature highlights the existing challenges in the supply chain management of perishable goods including the reduction of product's value over time. Reduction in quality of products leads decrease in price of products. Consequently, this circumstance results in inefficient supply chain management. One possible solution for this problem is setting a supply change management strategy with proper discount policy in order to increase the total profit. Thus, in this paper, the two-level supply chain of perishable goods, was modeled by taking into account a percent discount. The result reveal that the percentage discount equal to 6% is the optimal value in order to achieve win-win agreement between suppliers and retailers.Keyword-Supply chain, perishable items, Discount policy, Profit I. Introduction and Literature Review Nowadays, the management of the supply chain is one of the most important fields in the business environment. Every supply chain system includes costly factors such as information, product flows, and consumption-saving decision [1], [2]. Thus, proper management of these flows will be a key to success in the supply chain. In other words, the effective management of supply chain should include efficient system design [3], and flow of goods, information and financial resources in order to maximize the profitability of the entire supply chain [4]. In fact, one of the assumptions considered in old inventory models was that all items should maintain the physical characteristics when they are stored in the warehouse [5]. Nonetheless, mass storage of perishable goods in the warehouse, especially, once they begin to lose their quality results in continuous loss or performance deterioration, corrosion damage, waste and penalties for suppliers [6]. By considering these facts, controlling and maintenance of warehouse with perishable goods is a challenging problem for decision-makers. On the other hand, the supply chain of perishable products such as food or pharmaceutical is very important because the diversity of customers in this type of supply chain is more than other systems [7]. For instance, lack of inefficient pharmaceutical supply chain results in remarkable waste of expired medication [8]. Therefore, delivering healthy goods, will increase competitiveness. A summary of conducted studies in recent years in relation to the supply chain management of perishable items is given in Table 1. Identification of characteristics related to destruction and corruptibility emerged as an interesting topic for the scholars since Pahl and his colleagues presented a model of the blood supply chain in warehouse [9]. Since then, researchers have been inspired to create and develop models for warehousing problems of perishable products in different demand levels, not only based on the items' life cycle but also with considering the type of demand which is the driving force of the entire storage system. One of the most comprehensive studies in terms of the production planning of perishable goods was conducted ...

Abstract-