Background: Despite major advances in assisted reproductive techniques, the implantation rates remain relatively low. Some studies have demonstrated that intrauterine infusion of granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) improves implantation in infertile women. Objective: To assess the G-CSF effects on IVF outcomes in women with normal endometrial thickness. Materials and methods : In this randomized controlled clinical trial, 100 infertile women with normal endometrial thickness who were candidate for IVF were evaluated in two groups. Exclusion criteria were positive history of repeated implantation failure (RIF), endocrine disorders, severe endometriosis, congenital or acquired uterine anomaly and contraindication for G-CSF (renal disease, sickle cell disease, or malignancy). In G-CSF group (n=50), 300 µg trans cervical intrauterine of G-CSF was administered at the oocyte retrieval day. Controls (n=50) were treated with standard protocol. Chemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate were compared between groups. Results: Number of total and mature oocytes (MII), two pronuclei (2PN), total embryos, transferred embryos, quality of transferred embryos, and fertilization rate did not differ significantly between two groups. So there were no significant differences between groups in chemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy rate, implantation rate, and miscarriage rate Conclusion: our result showed in normal IVF patients with normal endometrial thickness, the intrauterine infusion of G-CSF did not improve pregnancy outcomes.

Background: The best ovarian stimulation protocol in the case of endometrioma-related infertility is still debated. In this study, we examined the effect of two ovarian stimulation protocols on in vitro fertilization (IVF)/intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) outcome in patients with good ovarian reserve suffering from endometrioma. Methods: In a retrospective study, 101 women with endometrioma and good ovarian reserve were recruited. Women received either gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (n=65) or GnRH antagonists (n=36) in an IVF or ICSI cycle. Clinical and chemical pregnancy rate, live birth rate, implantation rate, fertilization rate and fertilization proportion, as well as miscarriage rate, were evaluated in both groups. Results: Chemical (25% vs. 28.6%), clinical (19.6% vs. 25%), and live birth rates (19.6% vs. 25%) as well as implantation rate (11.7% vs. 15%) were not significantly different between the two groups. Miscarriage rate, fertilization rate and fertilization proportion were similar in the two groups. Conclusion: GnRH antagonist protocol with the main advantages of short duration and lower cost of treatment could be applied in infertile patients with endometrioma and good ovarian reserve.