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The present chapter looks at heat generation and heat removal in fiber lasers, particularly if high-power or high-energy operation is required. In the context of the review, for the purpose of calculation of heat dissipation for different parts of the active gain media and providing effective cooling procedures, thermal loading as well as longitudinal and transverse temperature profiles of dual-clad fibers are comprehensively investigated both inside and outside of the doped fiber core. Considering numerical analysis, the heat deposited in the fiber due to pump and laser power is determined via the steady-state equations and also transient conductive, convective, as well as radiative heat transfer equations. Besides this, important features regarding how to mitigate thermal effects are stated. On the other hand, we will show that chilling mechanisms are very efficient methods for dissipating heat which is extensively adopted in high-power regimes. Finally, the concept of a cryogenic laser is discussed after propounding a novel cooling system, namely the dry-ice chiller.

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