No abstract

This paper explores the conceptualization of global leadership and identification of global leadership competencies. It attemptsto answer what are the competencies for global leadership? Researchers indicated that global leaders require a unique set of global leadership competencies to effectively fulfil their roles. They further identified seven competencies for global leaders that include: (1) culture awareness and sensitivity, (2) global mindset or perspectives, (3) learning from experiences, (4) developing and maintaining relationships, (5) communication, (6) traits or attitudes, and ( 7) knowledge and skills. They also have discussed on the importance to describe and identify global leadership competencies. Many organizations do not even have a set of global leadership competencies. Most have only competencies related to domestic leaders. But with rapid globalization, there is recognition for the need of more global leaders. This research examined global leadership competencies. The study employed the qualitative methodology through the in-depth interviews. The interviews were conducted with past and present top leaders of a local research university. The data from the interviews were then transcribed verbatim, coded, analysed, interpreted and discussed accordingly. The findings in this research related to global leadership competencies includes attributes, skills and knowledge. Based on the findings recommendations will be made for improving global leadership competencies.

The emergence of globalization and diversity brings out new demands for leaders. They should become global leaders who develop new skills and abilities to lead in multicultural environments. This paper discusses how to develop global leadership with a different set of competencies in diverse situations. After reviewing the related literature, the researchers conclude that the diverse environments such as multiculturalism have a significant influence on the development of global leadership. This paper is based on a research conducted using a qualitative method involving in-depth interviews of selected participants. The data collected is transcribed verbatim and categorized into themes. The research will attempt to answer the questions: 1) What is global leadership? 2) What are the competencies needed by global leaders to lead in diversity?3) How are these competencies developed for global leaders? Based on the findings recommendations are put forward to improve the effectiveness of global leadership.

The head-on collision between two oil drops in a vertical channel is investigated numerically by using a volume-of-fluid method. Three-dimensional simulations are examined for laminar, fully developed, unsteady, and incompressible fluid flow. The effects of the Weber and Reynolds numbers and the density ratio on the collision dynamics are investigated before and after the drop coalescence. The results show that the deformation of drops increases and gap thickness decreases as the Weber and Reynolds numbers increase. The drops collide with each other faster for higher density ratios. It is found that the drops elongation has a sinusoidal behavior after collision due to the tendency of the drops to gain a spherical shape. Also, the results demonstrate that the elongation increases with increasing of the Weber and Reynolds numbers and decreasing of the density ratio. Keywords Drop collision • Two-phase flow • VOF method • Reynolds number • Weber number • Eotvos number List of symbols b The minor semi-axes of the drop (m) D Drop diameter (m) e* The drop elongation (m) Eo Eotvos number F Force (N) g Gravity acceleration H Channel height (m) k Curvature l The major semi-axes of the drop (m) L Channel length (m) n Normal vector (m) Oh Ohnesorge number p Pressure (Pa) Re Reynolds number t Time (s) t* Dimensionless time u Velocity (m/s) We Weber number x Position (m) Greek letters η Density ratio λ Viscosity ratio μ Dynamic viscosity (N. s/m 2) ν Kinematic viscosity (m 2 /s) ρ Density (kg/m 3) σ Surface tension (N/s) Subscripts 1, 2 Number of drop d Drop f Fluid rel Relative st Surface tension

Recent researches have shown that ensembles with more diversity classifiers have more accuracy. Six methods for measuring diversity have been introduced in this paper. These methods for measuring diversity are disagreement measure, double-fault measure, Kohavi-Wolpert variance, measurement of inter-rater agreement, measure of difficulty and generalized diversity. Six methods of measuring diversity are applied to ensemble of fuzzy classifiers produced by bagging using ANFIS as the base classifier. For an ensemble of fuzzy classifiers, relationship between membership functions and diversity has been studied. Experimental results show that using triangular membership function lead to more diverse classifiers and ensemble with more accuracy.