Background: Effervescent floating tablets are used oral dosage form, to enhance the patient compliance, drug bioavailability and to increase the absorption rate. Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon), widely used as a preventive agent against urinary tract infections, also suggested for Type II diabetes, myalgic encephalomyelitis, scurvy, and as a diuretic pill for being rich in nutrients and anti-oxidant properties. Objectives: The aim of the study is to formulate and evaluate the effervescent tablets of Cranberry and Vitamin C. Methodology: As per defined criteria of US FDA, effervescent tablet as per composition is formulated by citric acid and sodium bicarbonate and intended to dissolve in water before administration. Active substance and excipient compatibility studies were done by UV and FTIR, resulted absence of any interaction. Pre-formulation studies including Bulk density, tapped density, angle of repose, Hausner’s ratio, Carr’s index and water content. Results: Formulations were evaluated for weight variation, thickness, hardness, pH of solution, drug dissolution time, content uniformity as defined specification of U.S.P and BP. Stability and storage condition studies were also monitored with average results of 96% drug assay and dissolution. All the results showed excellent formulation of tablet and flow properties of granules. Conclusion: Further studies required to approach targeted and spontaneous release of active as optimized effervescence maybe helpful in delivery of actives and enhancing patient compliance.

Background: In drug development process, poor aqueous solubility is one of the challenging factors. To design an oral dosage form, poor bioavailability is the major challenge. Objectives: The aim of this study was to improve the solubility of mebendazole (MBZ) by formulating solid dispersion (SDS) and self-emulsifying solid dispersions (SESDS). Mebendazole is an BCS class II drug having low solubility and can ultimately lead to poor absorption and low bioavailability. Methodology:  Physical mixture and kneading method were employed to enhance the solubility of MBZ and prepare SDS and SESDS using poloxamer-188 as the hydrophilic carrier. Soybean oil, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) and Transcutol-P were used as oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant, respectively. Eight formulations were designed to formulate SDS by varying the ratios of MBZ and Poloxamer-188 (1:1, 1:2, 1:3 and 1:4). All formulations were evaluated for solubility studies, and a formulation that showed maximum enhanced solubility was selected to prepare SESDS of mebendazole. All of the prepared formulations were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, thermogravimetric analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy to check chemical interactions, crystallinity, thermal stability, drug entrapment and morphological changes, respectively. Results: The results show that SDS and SESDS improved solubility compared to that of a pure drug. However, SESDS prepared using kneading methods showed the highest drug solubility (6.61 folds) as compared to pure drug. Conclusion: The study concluded that solubility of MBZ improved due to increased wettability, hydrophilicity of carrier and reduced crystallinity.

Introduction: Recent medical improvements have not much of an influence on cancer patients' life expectancy throughout the world. Nano medicine is a cutting-edge topic in cancer therapy, with various well-tested techniques for delivering drugs. Objectives: Liposomes and other nanostructures are often used in therapeutic contexts and scientists in numerous countries are currently investigating polymer micelles. These structures will become more lucrative if they include chemicals that help with site-specific delivery and tailored release. The objective of the current review is to provide comprehensive information on nano-drugs. Methods: Liposomes, polymer micelles, and dendrites, among other well-known nanoparticle technologies, can be controlled and regulated to generate a more long-lasting and effective non-therapeutic modality. Occasionally, the term "multistage drug delivery" is used. This method, which employs a well-designed Nano-carrier, overcomes several biological barriers to medicine delivery. Results: Several multistage drug delivery system papers were reviewed for this study and their advantages were discussed with some pharmaceutical drug examples as well. Conclusions: We emphasize developments in nanoparticle design that overcome heterogeneous delivery barriers and contend that intelligent nanoparticle design can boost effectiveness in general delivery applications especially cancer treatment while enabling customized designs for precision applications, ultimately improving patient outcomes.