Cumulative oxidation of cellular macromolecules during storage reduces seed longevity. This study was undertaken to unravel the physiological and biochemical changes in rice seeds that contribute to deterioration during storage. Rice seeds maintained at three different seed moisture contents (SMC; 10, 12 and 14%) were stored in airtight glass jars. Half of the jars were flushed with nitrogen gas to provide modified oxygen conditions, while the other half were sealed with natural air (21% O2). Seed quality in terms of germination and antioxidant defence mechanisms was monitored after 3 and 6 months of storage at 25°C. The results showed that seeds performed better when stored at low SMC (10 and 12%), whereas the deterioration process accelerated in seeds stored at higher SMC (14%). Coupling high SMC with the availability of oxygen in the storage environment produced a negative effect on seed quality and longevity. Results from the antioxidant analysis showed more activity in seeds stored with oxygen at high SMC (14%) compared to lower SMC stored in modified oxygen conditions. Therefore, it is recommended that storage with low moisture levels (12%) or below (10%) is the best to preserve rice seed quality. However, at higher moisture levels (14%), the availability of oxygen in storage is more harmful to seed lifespan and quality.

Aim: To find the consequences of trunk exercises in addition to the traditional physiotherapy practices for trunk control, mobility, and balance in hemiparetic cerebral palsy children. Methods: Forty children withhemiparetic cerebral palsy of 10-14 years (without gender discrimination), were included in this randomized controlled trial. Both groups received a conventional physical therapy program, whilethe study group additionally received trunk exercises. Participants were re-evaluated after three months of treatment by using the Trunk Impairment Scale (TIS) for assessment of trunk control, Pediatric Berg Balance Scale (PBS) for balance assessments, and the dynamic gait index scale (DGI) for walking mobility function. Results:The Mann Whitney ‘U’ test was used to measure the difference between the 2 groups while Wilcoxon test was used to measure the difference within the group.Results were demonstrated as mean and standard deviations for pre and post-treatmentscores of variables TIS, PBS, and DGI.Comparison of outcome measures of each group before treatment specified no substantial differences. While, comparison of outcome measures after the treatmentwith traditional physiotherapy along with trunk exercises revealed noteworthy increase in the aptitude to maintain trunk stability, balance, and walking mobility function in study group A (p<0.05). Conclusion: The trunk exercise has a beneficial role and can be used in amalgamation with a traditional physiotherapy practiceto increase control of the trunk, and improvement of balance, and walking mobility functions in hemiparetic cerebral palsy individuals. Keywords: Hemiparetic Cerebral palsy, trunk control, balance, Pediatric Berg Balance Scale, Dynamic Gait Index

The retrospective study was conducted in Gynecology Department, Nishtar Medical Hospital, to assess the risk of placenta accrete after the primary (first) emergency or elective c-section. The study was conducted on data from women with placenta accreta who underwent primary C-sections from 2017 to 2020. Analysis was done through variably matched sets. Data on cases and controls was extracted from hospital records. There were 70 women in the study group and 115 in the control group. Results showed that of 70 cases, 40 (57.1%) had placenta accreta, 16(22.8%) had placenta increta, and 14 (20%) had placenta percreta. A significantly higher number of cases than controls had primary elective c section (P<.001). The elective C-section had a significantly higher risk of subsequent placenta accreta than the emergency C-section (P=0.025). Thus, it was concluded that the primary elective C-section modifies the risk of subsequent placenta accreta.

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Objective: The objective of this study is to compare effect of balloon blowing exercise & incentive spirometer on Chest expansion, Improvement in lung volumes and capacities, Level of dyspnoea, and on Improvement in progression of walk in post-thoracotomy stable patients. Study Design: Randomized Controlled Trial Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted in thoracic surgical ICU of Gulab Devi Hospital, Lahore for the period of 6 months from September 2018 - February 2019. Patients and Methods: The sample size was calculated through Open Epi, and it was 48. 24 subjects were assigned to control group A and 24 to experimental group B through non-purposive random sampling technique. Data was collected at base line, 3rd and 5th day after exercise therapy on above stated outcome measures, by using Tape Measure, Digital Spirometer, RPE Scale and Pedometer respectively, from non-critical post-thoracotomy patients. Control Group-A performed routine respiratory physiotherapy + incentive spirometry and Experimental Group- B performed routine respiratory physiotherapy + balloon blowing exercise. Results: BBE + routine respiratory physiotherapy was found equally effective on mentioned outcome measure as Incentive Spirometry + routine respiratory physiotherapy in stated patients. (P >0.05) Conclusion: Based upon statistical analysis, it can be concluded that incentive spirometer can be replaced with balloon-blowing exercise with conventional/routine respiratory physiotherapy in thoracotomy patients who have lung surgeries, to overcome post-op pulmonary complications or to achieve the same outcomes as that of incentive spirometer. Keywords: BBE, Incentive Spirometer, Routine Respiratory Physiotherapy, Post-Thoracotomy Patients