BackgroundProducing high quality data needs an accurate measurement in any fields of study. This study aimed to test psychometrics of the Persian version Healthcare Empowerment Questionnaire (HCEQ) in relation to personal care among Iranian reproductive age women and to validate the instrument for future use.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted on 549 reproductive age women in a health centers affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences producing a response rate of 100%. Content validity was established using translation and backtranslation procedures, pilot testing, and getting views of expert panel. Construct validity was measured using explanatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was used to measure internal consistency, and intra-class correlation coefficients were used to confirm stability.ResultsThe results indicated that explanatory factor analysis of 10 items in three dimensions explained 63.2% of the total variance. Validity and reliability of the 10-items of HCEQ with two response scales (perception of control and motivation of being empowered) assessed for internal quality showed the reliability of internal consistency (α=0.70; range=0.62–0.76). The correlation between convert (10 items) and apparent (3 factors) variables was 0.5 times higher than the revealed convergent validity.ConclusionThe findings of this study supported the reliability and validity of the Persian version of HCEQ to assess the degree of individual empowerment in relation to personal healthcare and services among reproductive age women. Therefore, the HCEQ-Persian version could be a useful, comprehensive, and culturally sensitive scale for assessing healthcare empowerment among reproductive age women.

BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular diseases are among progressive diseases that begin in childhood and are manifested mainly in adulthood. This study was assessed the validity and reliability testing of the Persian version of the Perceived Health Competence Scale (PHCS) among patients with cardiovascular diseases referred to Shahid Rajaie Heart center in Tehran, Iran. METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a convenience sample of 700 patients with cardiovascular diseases referring to Shahid Rajaie Heart center in Tehran were recruited (response rate = 100%; n = 700). Content validity was established using translation and back-translation procedure and getting views of the expert panel. The content validity of the questionnaire was measured using content validity ratio (CVR) and content validity index (CVI). Reliability was ascertained using Cronbach's alpha. The stability was confirmed using intra-class correlation coefficients. RESULTS: In this study, CVI = 0.81 and CVR = 0.72 were calculated. Scale reliability was sufficient (α = 0.78; range = 0.73–0.77). Furthermore, reliability based on the stability of the whole scale was 0.75. CONCLUSIONS: The PHCS-Persian confirmed as a valid and reliable instrument to measure perceived health competence. The PHCS-Persian scale could be a useful, comprehensive, and culturally sensitive scale for assessing perceived health competence.

BACKGROUND: Empowerment is an essential issue in women's lives. Powerful women can act successfully in health-related issues more than others. This study aimed to determine the effectiveness of an educational intervention designed based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) on health care empowerment among married women in reproductive age. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was carried out among 488 reproductive-age women between 2018 and 2019 in Tehran, Iran. Participants were recruited using randomized cluster sampling and divided into intervention ( n = 243) and control ( n = 245) groups by random allocation. Data were collected using a self-administered researcher-made questionnaire based on TPB and Health Care Empowerment Questionnaire. Validity (content validity index = 0.87; content validity ratio = 0.89) and reliability of the questionnaires were confirmed (α = 0.96). Intervention was implemented within four sessions (lasting 60 min) using eight health related scenarios based on TPB constructs. Baseline and post intervention data (6 months after the intervention) were analyzed by SPSS 25 (Inc., Chicago, IL, USA) using independent t -test, Chi-squared test, Fisher's Exact test, Mann–Whitney, path analysis, and regression of generalized estimating equation model. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS: Results showed the mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 33.6 ± 7.1. Six months after the intervention, a significant difference was highlighted in health care empowerment domains as well as behavioral intention, attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control ( P < 0.001) between intervention and control groups. CONCLUSION: TPB-based educational intervention can significantly improve women's perception about health care empowerment. Tailoring and implementation of TPB-based intervention by health policy makers and health care providers is suggested to achieve better perception of empowerment toward receiving health care among women.

BACKGROUND: Adopting healthy behaviors can lead to better outcomes which can deeply impact cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) development; consequently, tailoring appropriate theory-based interventions may improve various outcomes among patients at CV risks. This study aimed to assess published researches on the application of health education and promotion of intrapersonal and interpersonal theories/models’ interventions on patients with CVD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this systematic review, PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, Science Direct, and SID, Magiran databases for English and Persian studies were searched using relevant keywords, respectively. We searched for interventional studies published with no time limits until the end of 2020 assessing the application of health education and promotion theories/models interventions on adult patients with CVDs. Two reviewers individually reviewed abstracts/full-text articles to assess inclusion according to predefined criteria. In case of discrepancy between the two researchers, a third expert was requested to assess papers, and final selection decision was made based on the agreement among the three evaluators. This systematic review was conducted using the following data extraction steps and assessing the quality of the studies and results. RESULTS: From 60 articles, 35 studies met inclusion criteria. Most interventions improved at least some educational including models constructs (20%), clinical (14.2%), and practical (88.5%) outcome related to CVDs. It is noted that attention to educational, practical, and clinical outcomes was focused in published papers, respectively. Furthermore, based on the study categorization using models, some CVDs and theories/models were more concerned compared to others. CONCLUSIONS: Health education and promotion theory-based interventions on patients with CVD appeared beneficial in the most published paper.

No abstract