Background and ObjectivesThe goal of treatment for MS is to reduce the inflammation and induce the regeneration of degenerated axons. Considering the anti-inflammatory and regenerative capacity of mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs), in this study the therapeutic efficacy of allogeneic MSCs and MSCs-derived neural progenitor cells (MSCs-NPs) was investigated in cellular therapy of chronic experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).Methods and ResultsMSCs, MSCs-NPs and MSCs+MSCs-NP were administered intravenously to EAE mice on days 22, 29, and 36 post immunization. The levels of cytokines and PGE2 in sera or supernatant of in vitro cultured splenocytes derived from treated mice were measured by ELISA. The results of this study showed that in comparison to MSCs monotherapy, MSCs-NPs administration had a more profound capability of inhibiting the proliferation of pathogenic MOG35–55-specific T cells, decreasing IFN-γ production and increasing anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine production. These findings could be explained by higher ability of in vitro cultured MSCs-NPs in production of PGE2 compared to MSCs. In line with these findings, while the administration of MSCs and MSCs-NPs significantly decreased the clinical scores of EAE in comparison with the untreated EAE group, MSCs-NPs were significantly more efficient in reducing clinical score compared to MSCs. Of interest, combined therapy with MSCs and MSCs-NPs did not provide any benefit over monotherapy with MSCs-NPs.ConclusionsIn comparison to MSCs, allogenic MSCs-NPs are more potent in the attenuation of EAE.