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The quality of life of patients with end-stage renal disease is an important indicator of disease burden. To achieve a better quality of life, some medical treatment might be replaced by other approaches. The aim of this study was to compare the quality of life of renal-transplanted and hemodialysis patients in Iran. Two hundred hemodialysis and 200 renal transplantation patients were recruited from 5 major hospitals and renal patients' support society in Tehran, Iran. The data were collected using the Persian versions of the Ferrans and Powers Quality of Life Index-Dialysis and Transplantation Version. The quality-of-life mean scores of renal transplantation patients were significantly better compared with those of the hemodialysis patients (21.36 [SD, 4.06] vs 20.35 [SD, 5.14]; P = .03). The questionnaire demonstrated significant differences in health/functioning and familial subscale of quality of life between the transplanted and hemodialysis patients (p < .05). The better quality of life of transplant patients, in comparison with hemodialysis patients, is an important reason for advising kidney transplants in renal failure patients. To improve the patients' quality of life, kidney transplantation might be effective for the end-stage renal disease. With regard to socioeconomic problem in most of the patients with renal failure, comprehensive insurance and referral to renal and transplanted patients' support society are suggested for those who have undergone different renal replacement therapies.

Resveratrol was reported to inhibit inflammatory responses; however, the role of this polyphenol in obesity-induced skeletal muscle inflammation remains unknown. Mice fed a high fat diet (HFD) were treated with resveratrol for 16 weeks. Resveratrol treatment decreased macrophage infiltration into skeletal muscle of HFD-fed mice. Resveratrol also led to the polarization of macrophages to the M2 direction, as well as decreasing the expression of a number of M1 pro-inflammatory cytokines [tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interleukin 1 β (IL-1β) and interleukin 6 (IL-6)]. In addition, increased infiltration of regulatory T cells (Treg cells) was found following resveratrol treatment in skeletal muscle of mice. Decreased intramyocellular lipid deposition was associated with reduced expression levels of toll-like receptors 2 (TLR2) and TLR4 in resveratrol treated mice. We also found that diminished inflammation in skeletal muscle following resveratrol treatment was accompanied by increasing phosphorylation of 5'-adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and decreasing phosphorylation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK). Taken together, these findings suggest that resveratrol ameliorates inflammation in skeletal muscle of HFD-induced model of obesity. Therefore, resveratrol might represent a potential treatment for attenuation of inflammation in skeletal muscle tissue.

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