Background & Aim:About organ transplant, immunosuppressive medications adherence is a critical issue, because non-adherence to these medications causes rejection, reduces quality of life and increases treatment cost and mortality rate. Among these, the quality of life is deemed very important to evaluate treatment result and also it can be useful for discovering non adherence. The aim this study was to assess the relationship between medication adherence and quality of life and some patient factors in renal transplant patients.Methods:The study was a descriptive-correlational design and was done on renal transplant patients over 18 who had undergone surgery for over 3 months, and were inclined to participate. Sample size was 230 people and sampling was convenience. Quality of life questionnaire in renal transplant patients and Immunosuppressant Therapy Adherence Scale were filled by patients and the data was analyzed by SPSS15 software.Results:It showed that the mean score of quality of life in renal transplant patients was 21.65±4.03 and 57.8% of them did not adhere to immunosuppressive medications. Results of correlation between scores of immunosuppressive medication adherence and Quality of life showed that there were significant correlation in 3 dimensions of 4: health performance (p≤0.0001 & rETA=0.23), social-economic (p=0.001 & rETA=0.15), psychological-spiritual (p=0.011 & rETA=0.15), also logistic test showed significant relationship between immunosuppressive medication adherence and number of transplantation (β=1.04, p= 0.048).Conclusion:According to the results, health care providers i.e. nurses must note to medication adherence as a health enhancement factor while treating and educating to these patients.

Background: Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease and one of the main causes of mortality in developing countries. The main objective of treating all chronic diseases, of course, is to improve well-being and attain a satisfactory quality of life (QOL). The major goal of this study is comparison of attitude toward QOL in insulin-dependent subjects with diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects. Methods: In this study, insulin-dependent subjects with diabetes mellitus and healthy subjects were gathered via convenience sampling. The subjects were asked to complete the Hanestad & Albrektsen Attitude to Quality of Life Questionnaire. The questionnaire evaluates five quality of life dimensions-physical, social, mental-emotional, behavioral-activity, and economic-using a scoring system similar to the Likert scale. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare scores between the two groups. Results: The mean total score on attitude toward QOL in the healthy control group was 53.8, and it in the insulin-dependent subjects with diabetes mellitus group was 35.9. The mean total score of attitude toward QOL in the physical dimension, mentalemotional and feelings of well-being dimension, and behavioral-activity dimension were significantly higher in the healthy population than they were in diabetes mellitus groups. Such a difference was not seen in the social and economic dimensions. Conclusion: Since the attitudes of insulin-dependent subjects with diabetes mellitus toward QOL are used as an index of individual and societal health levels, it appears that this group may benefit from education and professional counseling to improve their QOLs.

Background:The success of drug abuse treatment and relapse prevention methods depends widely on not only pharmaceutical and non-pharmaceutical therapies but also self efficacy and self esteem promotion.Objectives:The current study attempted to clarify the effects of Problem Solving Education (PSE) on relapse rate, self efficacy and self esteem among drug abusers.Patients and Methods:This non-controlled clinical trial (quasi-experimental) assessed 60 opium and heroin abusers who were willing to quit and were referred to the Mehr Center of Addiction Treatment and Rehabilitation Facility. The patients were allocated to two groups of 30 (intervention and control groups). While both groups received the routine care of the clinic, the intervention group also attended eight 45-minute family-centered PSE sessions. The Coopersmith Self esteem Inventory and Quit Addiction Self efficacy Questionnaire were filled out for all subjects before and after the intervention. Drug relapse was investigated four times with two-week intervals. The two groups were compared using chi-square and Student’s-t tests. Logistic regression analysis was applied to determine factors affecting drug relapse.Results:A total of 45 individuals (21 and 24 in the intervention and control groups, respectively) completed the study. At baseline, the two groups had no significant difference regarding their mean scores of self esteem and self efficacy (P = 0.692 and 0.329, respectively). After the intervention, however, the mean changes of self esteem scores were 20.10 ± 3.75 for the intervention group and 4.50 for the control group (P < 0.001). The mean changes of self efficacy scores in the mentioned groups were 34 34.17 ± 5.19 and 9.03± 2.04, respectively (P < 0.001). Drug relapse after two weeks was correlated with age (OR = 1.216; P = 0.026; 95% CI: 1.024-1.445) and implementation of the intervention (OR = 0.036; P = 0.003; 95% CI: 0.004-0.322).Conclusions:According to our findings, supplementing drug abuse treatment with cognitive behavior therapy, particularly PSE, can reduce relapse rate and enhance self efficacy and self esteem among patients.

Aims and objectives: Diabetes mellitus and its chronic complications have put a huge burden on the health care system. The diabetic patients with foot problems compared with other diabetic patients create more critical problems for the health care system. This study was done for the purpose of studying the relation between foot-care self-efficacy beliefs and self care behavior. Method: This study was a descriptive-correlation type and was done as sectional which sampling lasted about one month. 70 diabetic patients participated in this study with a convenience sampling method. Data collection was done by clinical-demographic questionnaire and foot care self efficacy beliefs and self care behavior scales. Data analysis was done by spss15. Result: Pearson correlation was performed and showed a negative correlation between FCCS scores and preventive behavior scores (r=0.44, p ≤ 0.001) and virtually no correlation at all between FCCS scores and potentially damaging behaviors (r=0.15, p=0.19). Also there was a relation between age and preventive behavior (F=6.42, P=0.03) and duration of diabetes and preventive behavior (F=9.65, P ≤ 0.001). Furthermore there was a relation between education level and potentially damaging behaviors (F=2.65, P=0.04). Discussion and conclusion: Regarding these results, foot care self-efficacy beliefs and self care behaviors have a weak relationship so self-efficacy belief is directly related to self care behavior. Also patients with diabetes, especially older diabetic patients with low education level should be advised to perform self care behavior and assessed for self efficacy beliefs because they have many problems in self care.

Patients with SCI at the cervical level have similar mental health compared to those with injury at thoracolumbar sections, which shows proper mental adaptability in quadriplegic individuals. Injury level can be used as a major determinant of the physical component of QOL among people with SCI.