The volatile constituents of the aerial parts of Hymenocrater incanus Bunge growing in Iran, isolated by hydrodistillation, was analysed by GC-MS. The oil was found to contain 35 components. The oil was rich iň -caryophyllene (17.6%) and 1,8-cineole (16.9%). The other major constituents were˛-pinene (9.2%),ˇ-pinene (7%), trans-ˇ-ocimene (5.4%), germacrene-D (4.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (3.9%).

Periodontal tissue engineering has made a tremendous change in the treatment of periodontal disease. In this study, electrophoresed poly-hydroxy-butyrate (PHB) scaffold, beta-three calcium phosphate (β-TCP) nano powder in 3, 5 and 7% wt, ciprofloxacin antibiotics, and vitamin D3 as the major materials along with electrospinning method are selected for remaking the scaffold. The fibers are smooth and beads-free and have a good diameter (around 700 nm) and porosity (above 80%) indicates ideal conditions for the treatment of damaged tissue. The membrane with 5% ceramic has been selected as ideal membrane. The mention membrane has suitable mechanical properties. Studies have shown that adding ciprofloxacin to the membrane increases the rate of hydrophilicity. The addition of β-TCP nano powder increased the bioactivity of this membrane. In terms of the drug release of ciprofloxacin and vitamin D3, 45% and 60% of drugs released within the first 24 h which in turn it shows the ability of the drugs controlled deliveration by the membrane. Accordingly, it could be concluded that this bilayer composite membrane with high bioactivity, high hydrophilicity, suitable mechanical properties, suitable morphology, and appropriate porosity has the ideal conditions for increased bone growth as well as proliferation and treatment the periodontal disease.

Background: Quince seeds mucilage is recommended for coughs and removal of asthma signs. Chemically, it possesses water in a large quantity and therefore might be degradable and its storage is difficult for a long time. Besides, the drying method interferes with its physicochemical characteristic, therefore changing the therapeutic effect of mucilage. Objectives: The aim of this study was to achieve a drying method for promotion of quince seeds mucilage stability and also to study differences in physicochemical and mechanical properties when influenced by the drying method. Materials and Methods: To extract mucilage, fresh quince seeds were macerated with water. The alcohol (95%) precipitation method was used to isolate mucilage from filtrate. The mucilage was divided to two equal parts, one group dried by cold and the other by the warm method. The condition for the cold method (lyophilization) was 24 hours for both stages of freezing (-30°C) and drying (-50°C and 50 mTorr pressure). The temperature for drying by an oven was also adjusted to 50°C ± 1. Phytochemical screening was performed, and the physicochemical characteristics of the mucilage such as swelling index, solubility, loss of drying, total ash, acid insoluble ash, microbial load, and pH were evaluated. Finally, the mechanical movement of mucilage powder properties such as angle of repose, moisture content, bulk and tapped densities, Hausner's ratio and Carr's index, were examined, for forward tableting. Results: The yield value of mucilage from the warm method was about three folds greater than the amount from the cold method. The phytochemical, physicochemical, and mechanical properties were well within acceptable limits and better than that of the cold method. Conclusions: Although quince seeds dried mucilage by lyophilization had less yield amounts yet in view of purity and physicochemical and mechanical properties, it was significantly better than mucilage prepared by the oven method (P < 0.05).

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