Background Using chemical agents in the treatment of diabetes mellitus type 2 may have some limitations due to frequent side effects. Some novel and natural agents may be promising alternatives in this case. This study was designed to evaluate the effects of oral Japanese sake yeast supplement, as a novel agent, on biochemical antioxidant and anti-inflammatory parameters in experimentally induced diabetic rats. Materials and methods After inducing diabetes (55 mg/kg intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin), 120 male adult Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups and each group received 0 (control), 15, 30, or 45 mg/kg of sake yeast or was considered a nondiabetic control. Then, the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-6, C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, glutathione, total antioxidant status, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, and insulin were evaluated and compared to baseline measures. Results The results showed that oral administration of sake yeast at different concentrations reduced levels of malondialdehyde, glucose, cholesterol, and triglycerides and increased levels of insulin, glutathione, and total antioxidants ( P <0.05). The best responses were observed in the nondiabetic control group. Conclusion Sake yeast supplement may be useful as a novel agent in the treatment of diabetes.

Background and purpose: Malaria is one of most important diseases especially in tropical regions. Flavonoids are known to have beneficial properties that could be profitable. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of nano-phytosomes of Quercetin (NQ) on liver damages of mice infected with Plasmodium berghei. Methods: A total of sixty male BALB/c mice were intra-peritoneally infected by administration of 10 6 P.berghei-infected RBCs. Animals were acclimatized for 7 days and divided into 5 groups including 1) Mice received 0.9% isotonic saline and considered as negative control (NC) and infected mice treated with saline or positive control (PC), 3) treated with 2 mg/kg body weight of Hydroxychloroquine sulfate (HF) for 4 days (HF), 4) treated with 10 mg/kg body weight of NQ for 4 days (NQ) and 5) treated with 10 mg/kg body weight of NQ and 2 mg/kg body weight of HF for 4 days (NQ+HF). Histo-pathological parameters and pro-inflammatory cytokines were also evaluated. Results: Administration of P. berghei could increase scores for histopathological parameters and levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (P<0.0001). Administration of HF and NQ could alleviate adverse effects of P. berghei on histo-pathological parameters (P<0.05). Conclusion: A combination of NQ and HF could show the best response. It means that NQ can be used as adjuvant therapy for treatment of infection induced by Plasmodium berghei.