Objective:Oral health of pregnant women is very important because of the adverse effects of pregnancy on the oral hard and soft tissues and vice versa. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of education on oral health behaviors of pregnant women based on the theory of planned behavior in Birjand.Materials and Methods:This quasi-experimental study was carried out among 150 pregnant women admitted to health centers, who were selected using simple sampling (75 females in each case and control group). Educational program through face-to-face training was performed in the case group, and the control group received only usual training through leaflet distribution. Data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 18 software at 0.05 significance level.Results:The most frequent age group was 26–30 years. Before the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, behavioral intention, and performance of the intervention and control groups showed no significant difference (P ≥ 0.05). After the intervention, the average of all scores in the intervention group showed significant increase compared to the control group (P ≤ 0.05).Conclusion:Face-to-face training using the theory of planned behavior has positive impact on oral health behaviors of pregnant women. Accordingly, training sessions in order to raising awareness and positive attitude and controlling healthcare behaviors can improve oral health behaviors of pregnant women.

Objectives: Physical inability to perform daily activities is one of the major causes of depression in the elderly and, on the other hand, depression can cause loss of interest in daily activities and lack of independence. The present study was aimed to assess the ability to perform activities of daily living (ADL) and instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in the elderly and its relationship with depression in Maneh Samalghan city in 2017. Methods and materials: The present cross-sectional study was performed in elderly people aged 60 years and older. Sampling was done by multi-stage cluster method and the sample size was 148 individuals. Data were collected through activities of daily living questionnaire (ADL and IADL) and elderly depression (GDS-15) and were analyzed by using descriptive statistics and Chi-square, Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. Results: There were 86 female (58.1%) and 62 male (41.9%) participants included in the study. 73.6% of participants were in the aged 60-75 years, and the rest were older than 75 years. The results showed that 48% of participants had moderate or severe depression and 2.7% and 41.2% of them were unable to perform ADL and IADL without help, respectively. Statistical analysis showed that depression has a significant negative correlation with ADL (r=-0.304, p<0.001) and IADL (r=-0.193, p >0.01). This means that by increasing one of them, the other decreases and vice versa. Conclusions: The ability of the elderly to perform ADL and IADL activities can be a good predictor of depression. It is possible to assess the health and ability of the elderly to perform daily activities through health teams and elderly family members to prevent their developmental disability and their depression.

Introduction: Quality of life is one of the important issues in today's health care. Despite the high importance of self-care and quality of life in improving the health of the elderly, unfortunately, this issue has not been sufficiently addressed in Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the predictive value of self-care capacity of elderly people in improving their quality of life in Bojnourd in 2017. Method: This is a descriptive-analytical study that was carried out by sampling 180 elderly people using a multi-stage cluster sampling method among elderly people living in the city of Bojnourd during the months of August to September. The instruments used in this study were demographic variables, quality of life questionnaire (SF12), self-care capacity questionnaire for elderly people (SASE). SPSS software version 21 was used to describe and analyze the data. Descriptive and analytical statistics such as Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Mann-Whitney U., Spearman correlation coefficient and multivariable regression analysis were used. Results: The mean age in this study was 69.5 ± 6. The average self-care ability score was 65.44 ± 6.23 and the mean score of quality of life was 26.22 ± 12.26. Among women, about 86 percent of them had low self-care. The relationship between self-care capacity and quality of life was week and was not statistically significant (P<0.05). Also, the predictive power of self-care power to gain higher scores in quality of life was not statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Considering the low self-care capacity of most elderly people in Bojnourd city and especially the elderly women of this city, it is recommended that factors affecting self-care capacity be investigated and planned and measures taken to improve the status of self-care capacity by the relevant authorities. Take up Self-care can not predict changes in the quality of life in the elderly.

Objectives: Low media literacy and exposure to media-produced content during the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic can affect the health of people in the community. This study aims to investigate the psychological effects of media use on the mental health of community-dwelling older adults. Methods & Materials: In this descriptive-analytical study with a cross-sectional design, 200 elderly people aged ≥60 years participated who were selected from daycare rehabilitation centers and retirement centers in Kerman, Iran in 2020 using a convenience sampling method. Data were collected using a demographic form (Surveying age, gender, education, occupation, marital status, income, and media use), and the 12-item General Health Questionnaire. Results: The mean age of participants was 66.60 ± 5.08 years. More than three-quarters of them were following the latest COVID-19 news via media (Local radio and television). Most of them (77.4%) had poor mental health status. Higher educational level (P<0.001), employment (p=0.003), and low frequency of media use (P<0.001) were the protective factors against poor mental health. High-frequency media use was a risk factor for the mental health of older adults during the COVID-19 outbreak. Conclusion: The mental health of community-dwelling older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic is affected by media use and its frequency. It is recommended that older adults should avoid following the latest COVID-19 news, especially those from unreliable sources. Moreover, media managers should have more control over the news related to the COVID-19.

Background & Objectives: The relationship between oral diseases and adverse outcomes of pregnancy demands more attention to oral hygiene for pregnant women. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of educational programs based on the theory of planned behavior to improving the oral health behavior of pregnant women attending urban health facilities Ashkhaneh city in 2013. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out on 150 pregnant women, selected with simple sampling.(75 females of each site). Data were collected using a researcher desingend questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire was evaluated. Data was analyzed by SPSS 18 software at significance level of 0.05. Results: The most frequent samples aged between 21-25 years old. Before the intervention, the mean score of knowledge, attitude, perceived behavioral control, subjective norms, behavioral intention and performance of the intervention and control groups showed no significant difference (p>0/05). After the intervention, the average of all the scores in the intervention group showed an increase except for subjective constructions after training (p<0/05). This difference was not significant in the control group (p> 0/05). Conclusion: Using the theory of planned behavior improves oral health in the pregnant women.