A novel promising carbon paste electrode with excellent potentiometric properties was prepared for the analysis of trihexyphenidyl hydrochloride (THP), the acetylcholine receptor and an anticholinergic drug in real samples. It contains 10.2% trihexyphenidy-tetraphenylborate ionic pair as the electroactive material, with the addition of 3.9% reduced graphene oxide and 0.3% of anionic additive into the paste, which consists of 45.0% dibutylphthalate as the solvent mediator and 40.6% graphite. Under the optimized experimental conditions, the electrode showed a Nernstian slope of 58.9 ± 0.2 mV/decade with a regression coefficient of 0.9992. It exhibited high selectivity and reproducibility as well as a fast and linear dynamic response range from 4.0 × 10−7 to 1.0 × 10−2 M. The electrode remained usable for up to 19 days. Analytical applications showed excellent recoveries ranging from 96.8 to 101.7%, LOD was 2.5 × 10−7 M. The electrode was successfully used for THP analysis of pharmaceutical and biological samples.

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Abstract. This paper represents, for the first time, scientific data as a part of monitoring air quality in the city of Split. The city has a problem with the air pollution mostly caused by anthropogenic activities and partly by natural origin activities. This study presents results of monthly and seasonal variations of NO 2 , SO 2 and black-smoke as well as the influence of meteorological parameters on observed concentration levels. Average seasonal values for SO 2 ranged from 22.54 to 54.81 g m -3 , for NO 2 from 48.24 to 56.38 g m -3 and for black-smoke from 4.15 to 5.64 g m -3 . The results obtained for SO 2 and black-smoke were below, while for NO 2 were above the limit value of pollutants in the air recommended by Croatian Government (Air Protection Act (OG 178/04); Regulation on limit values of pollutants in air (OG 133/05)).As the result of stable meteorological conditions (high temperatures and drought), the increase in SO 2 concentration was significant in summer period, while the concentrations of NO 2 and black-smoke were not significantly changed during year and did not depend on other parameters. (doi: 10.5562/cca1966)

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The electrochemical behavior of folic acid (FA), at the electrochemically prepared ex situ bismuth film (BiF) on glassy carbon electrode, clearly indicates electrocatalytic nature of the prepared film toward FA reduction (at -0.55 V). Scanning electron microscopy is used for morphological characterization of the prepared BiF. Accordingly, we establishing an electrochemical procedure based on square wave cathodic stripping voltammetry, preceded by accumulation of FA on the BiF electrode (BiFE). This analytical method is optimized and its analytical performance is presented. This electrode displays a two linear response range: 0.1 to 1.0 μmol L -1 and 1.0-10.0 μmol L -1 with sensitivity of 20.10 μA μmol -1 L and 2.28 μA μmol -1 L, respectively. Developed method was validated in compliance with spectrophotometric method. Excellent recovery and standard deviation obtained with BiFE revealed great analytical potential of the proposed method which was applied for the determination of FA in pharmaceuticals formulation.