Dipolar fluctuations of 4s and 4p holes in the elements around Xe have been found to make a one-electron type of picture break down. This explains the failure of monopole relaxation, as included e.g. through the relativistic Hartree-Fock ΔSCF procedure, and shake off processes to describe ESCA spectra in this energy region. In Xe we find that neither a 4p 1/2 nor a 4p 3/2 hole can exist as an elementary excitation (quasi-stationary state) but become smeared over a large energy range. Instead, the most stable and probable state is found to belong to the Xe+(4d 84f)3/2 configuration and we identify this with the main ESCA peak at 145.5 eV. We also present a photo-electron spectrum for the 4s and "4p" region in quite good agreement with experiment.

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The valence level hole spectral functions of linear C2n+1 (n=1–6) clusters are calculated by the ab initio third order algebraic diagrammatic construction [ADC(3)] Green function method and the outer-valence Green function (OVGF) method using an extended basis set. The vertical electron affinities of linear C2n+1 (n=1–6) clusters are also evaluated by the same methods. With an increase of the number of carbon atoms, the KT energy levels become more closely spaced and start to form quasi-continua. The original spectral strength of the main line becomes distributed over several lines of comparable intensity. With an increase of the number of carbon atoms, the one-electron (or even quasi-particle) picture of the ionization breaks down because of the interaction between the initial single hole level and the final two-hole-one-particle levels. The spectral intensity of the first four ionization levels remains fairly constant independent of the number of carbon atoms. The agreement of the affinities of C2n+1 (n=1–6) with experiment is in general very good. Two anionic states are found to be bound for C9, C11 and C13.